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Modernisation, Dependency, GlobalizationModernisation, Dependency, Globalization

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University of the People
SOC 1502-01 Introduction to Sociology
Writing Assignment Unit 5

There is much criticism that modernization theory is Eurocentric. Do you think dependency
theory and globalization theory are also biased? Why or why not? Compare and contrast
modernization theory, dependency theory, and globalization theory. Which do you think is
more useful for explaining global inequality? Explain, using examples.

Modernisation theory, Dependency theory and Globalisation theory


W. Little suggests "Modernisation theory, dependency theory, and globalisation theory are

three of the most common lenses sociologists use when looking at the issues of global inequality”

(2014).


Modernisation theory is the idea that lower-income countries can progress naturally into be-

coming a more advanced country. The theory has its critiques though. Mainly, it suggests that all

countries are able to follow the same path, having the same resources available and all have the

same target in mind - to be developed.


"Dependency theory states that global inequality is primarily caused by core nations (or

high-income nations) exploiting semi-peripheral and peripheral nations (or middle-income and low-

income nations), creating a cycle of dependence (Hendricks 2010)” (Little, W. 2014). Whilst this

theory has been created with the lower-developed countries in mind, it is argued that dependency

theory misunderstands the view of those underdeveloped countries. They each have a unique situa-

tion and aren’t just poorer versions of the core countries. They have their own structures, own ideas

and are members of the world market.


W. Little adds “Globalisation theory approaches global inequality by focusing less on the re-

lationship between dependent and core nations, and more on the international flows of capital in-

vestment and disinvestment in an increasingly integrated world market” (2014). The negative side

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