Exam (elaborations)
RESEARCH FINAL EXAM 2023
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RESEARCH FINAL EXAM 2023
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RESEARCH FINAL EXAM 2023What are clinical decisions based upon in evidence-based practice?
A. Clinical expertise
B. Patient preferences and values
C. Best available evidence
D. All of the above - ( CORRECT ANS)D. All of the above
Which type of research is the investigation of phenomena that lend themselves to precise
measurement and quantification, often using a rigorous and controlled design and statistical
analyses?
A. Quantitative research
B. Grounded theory
C. Qualitative research
D. None of the answers are correct - ( CORRECT ANS)A. Quantitative research
Which type of research is the investigation of phenomena, typically in an in-depth and holistic
fashion, through the collection of rich narrative materials using a flexible research design?
A. Qualitative research
B. Randomized control trial
C. Quantitative research
D. All of the answers are correct - ( CORRECT ANS)A. Qualitative research
Identify the independent variable in this example: what is the effect of the different fertilizers on
plant growth?
A. The amount of water
B. Sunshine
C. Type of fertilizer
D. Plant growth - ( CORRECT ANS)C. Type of fertilizer
Identify the dependent variable in this example: what type of dog food does my dog love best?
A. Type of dog
B. Multiple brands of dog food
C. The dog's reaction to the different types of food
D. All of the above - ( CORRECT ANS)C. The dog's reaction to the different types of food
What is the purpose of a placebo?
A. To randomly assign participants to groups
B. To measure a construct free from measurement error
C. To use multiple methods to collect and interpret data
D. To act as a sham or pseudo-intervention, sometimes used as a control group condition -
( CORRECT ANS)D. To act as a sham or pseudo-intervention, sometimes used as a control
group condition
,Quantitative data is presented in what type of format?
A. Information collected in narrative form
B. Information collected in numeric form
C. Through speeches given by the participants
D. All of the answers are correct - ( CORRECT ANS)B. Information collected in numeric form
What is saturation?
A. A qualitative research tradition with roots in philosophy and psychology that focuses on the
lived experiences of humans
B. A design that unfolds in the course of a qualitative study as a researcher makes ongoing
design decisions reflecting on what has already been learned
C. The collection of qualitative data to the point where a sense of closure is attained because new
data yield redundant information
D. The degree of confidence qualitative researchers have in their data and analyses, often assess
using the criteria of credibility, transferability, dependability, confirmability, and authenticity -
( CORRECT ANS)C. The collection of qualitative data to the point where a sense of closure is
attained because new data yield redundant information
What is experimental research?
A. A bond or a connection between two or more variables
B. An approach to collecting and analyzing qualitative data that aims to develop theories about
social psychological processes grounded in real-world observations
C. Studies in which the researcher collects data without introducing an intervention
D. Research using a design which the researcher controls (manipulates) the independent variable
by randomly assigning people to different treatment groups - ( CORRECT ANS)D. Research
using a design which the researcher controls (manipulates) the independent variable by randomly
assigning people to different treatment groups
What is a confounding variable?
A. The extent to which a measurement is free from measurement error
B. A variable that is extraneous to the research question and that confounds the relationship
between the independent and dependent variable
C. Procedures used to hold constant confounding influences on the outcome under study
D. A quality criterion referring to the degree to which inferences made in a study are accurate
and well-founded - ( CORRECT ANS)B. A variable that is extraneous to the research question
and that confounds the relationship between the independent and dependent variable
The constructivist paradigm is associated with what type of research method?
A. Quantitative research
B. Nonexperimental research
C. Qualitative research
D. Randomized control trials - ( CORRECT ANS)C. Qualitative research
What is an assumption of the positivist paradigm?
A. The assumption of determinism refers to the belief that phenomenon are not haphazard but
rather have antecedent causes
, B. Approach involves the use of orderly, disciplined procedures with tight controls over the
research situation to test hunches about the nature of phenomena being studied and relationships
among them
C. Reality is out there and can be studied and known
D. All of the answers are correct - ( CORRECT ANS)D. All of the answers are correct
What is an assumption of qualitative research?
A. The assumption of determinism refers to the belief that phenomena are not haphazard but
rather have antecedent causes
B. Approach involves the use of orderly, disciplined procedures with type controls over the
research situation to test hunches about the nature of phenomena being studied and relationships
among them
C. Reality is not a fixed entity, but rather a construction of the people participating in the
research; reality exists with a context, and many constructions are possible
D. All of the above - ( CORRECT ANS)C. Reality is not a fixed entity, but rather a construction
of the people participating in the research; reality exists with a context, and many constructions
are possible
Select all that apply: what are some commonalities between the positivist and constructivist
paradigms?
A. Ultimate goals
B. External evidence
C. Reliance on human cooperation
D. Ethical constraints
E. Randomized control trials - ( CORRECT ANS)A. Ultimate goals
B. External evidence
C. Reliance on human cooperation
D. Ethical constraints
What is a sample?
A. An abstraction based on observation or self-reporting of behaviors or characteristics
B. A recurring regularity emerging from an analysis of qualitative data
C. A subset of a population comprising those selected to participate in a study
D. The entire set of individuals or objects having some common characteristics - ( CORRECT
ANS)C. A subset of a population comprising those selected to participate in a study
Why is blinding in a study important?
A. By preventing those involved in a study (participants, intervention agents, data collectors, or
health care providers) from having information that could lead to a bias
B. By transferring the results to other populations
C. By accounting for confounding variables
D. By giving all involved in a research study a placebo - ( CORRECT ANS)A. By preventing
those involved in a study (participants, intervention agents, data collectors, or health care
providers) from having information that could lead to a bias
Select all that apply: which components would be part of the introduction of an article?
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