criminology wjec a level unit 1 controlled assessment
changing awareness of crime
lo1 lo3 criminology unit 1
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A/AS Level
WJEC
Criminology
Changing Awareness of Crime
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Mia Lunt
Criminology LO1 – understand how crime reporting affects the public perception of criminality
AC 1.1 – Analyse the different types of crimes
White collar crime is usually a non-violent crime committed usually in commercial situations for
financial gain e.g. fraud, tax evasion and embezzlement. There are two types; corporate and
professional. Corporate crime is when crime is committed by or on behalf of a company for example,
Starbucks evaded tax in 2012. Professional crime is when crime is committed by professionals I a
trusted position for example, Bernie Madoff’s investment fraud. The typical victim of this type of
crime is anyone with access to money but older people, who are usually retired, are the most
common targets. The typical offender are people with a high social status who are trusted and
respected by the public, such as a businessman or a large corporation. The level of public awareness
regarding this type of crime is quite low due to more violence-based crimes being more publicised
and the focus of media attention. Also, white collar crimes are often difficult to prosecute, only 2% of
fraud is successfully prosecuted, as people can sometimes be unaware, they are a victim due to
complexity. White collar crime is both deviant and criminal an it’s illegal to commit and it goes
against the norms of society as mostly older people are targeted and it is a norm within society to
respect and care for the older generation.
Moral crimes are crimes committed against the normal standard of morality in society, for example
underage drinking, vagrancy and prostitution. This type of crime is often regarded as victimless
however the victim and offender are usually the same person. The typical offender are usually
people in a difficult situation, mostly concerning money. The level of public awareness regarding this
type of crime is low as the public are often not aware it’s a crime so ignore it and often the
victims/offender’s family are not aware. Additionally, moral crimes are often not reported on by the
media as they don’t make exciting headlines. This type of crime is both deviant and criminal as it is
illegal but also goes against society’s standard of morality.
State crimes are illegal or deviant activities that break the states own criminal law e.g. genocide,
torture and imprisonment without trial. The typical victims of these crimes are citizens from a
different country to the government and hold different religious or political views to the
government. The country’s own government or high-ranking personnel working for government
agencies. There are high levels of public awareness around state crimes due to the extremity and
seriousness of the crimes. Also, there are high levels of media reports regarding state crimes as they
are very severe so passes news values (such as violence) to make an interesting story. State crimes
are highly criminal but also deviant as it goes against norms for a government to harm their own
citizens.
Technological crimes are offences that are committed through the use of technology for example
illegal downloading, inappropriate use of social media and fraud. Anyone with access to the internet
can be a victim of technological crime, could be an individual or large organisations, but vulnerable
or gullible people (older people) are often victims of phishing scams. Offenders must have basic
access and knowledge of the internet. Many offenders are based overseas where they have access
to the technical ability to access bank accounts and credit cards. There has been an increase in
young people committing this type of crime, mostly regarding or associated with social media,
possibly to impress friends and they are unaware it’s a crime. Furthermore, levels of public
awareness are low due to the lack of understanding of new technology and victims often don’t know
they are a victim while the crime is taking place. However there have been recent promotions of
these crimes to raise awareness and prevent them due to the rise in popularity of new technology.
Technological crime is both deviant and criminal as it depends of the offence committed, for
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