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ANATOMY: Cranial
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Anatomy class notes. 1st Course of Nursing, University Francisco de Vitoria (Madrid)
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TEMA 13: PARES CRANEALESDurante el periodo embrionario se forma el tubo nervio (futuro sistema nervioso). Es lo
primero que se forma
Se forman 5 vesículas:
- TELENCÉFALO (serán los hemisferios cerebrales) PROSONCÉFALO /
- DIENCÉFALO (futuro diencéfalo) CEREBRO ANTERIOR
- MESENCÉFALO / CEREBRO MEDIO (dará lugar al mesencéfalo)
- METENCÉFALO (futura protuberancia / puente) ROMBOENCÉFALO / CEREBRO
- MIELENCÉFALO (futuro bulbo raquídeo) POSTERIOR
6 arcos faríngeos: formarán la futura calla o cuello
A lo largo del tubo nervioso se van formando núcleos sensitivos o motores. Los axones de
estas neuronas unidos forman los nervios craneales. Los nervios craneales salen del encéfalo y
atraviesan el cráneo.
NERVIOS CRANEALES:
- Son nervios periféricos
- No tienen raíz anterior y otra posterior (los espinales tienen raíz anterior y posterior)
- No son todos mixtos (sensitivos y motores) (los espinales son todos mixtos)
- Nacen en el encéfalo
- Salen o entran en el cráneo por orificios
Nervios motores:
MOTOR SOMÁTICO GENERAL (MSG): musculatura estriada derivada de somitas
MOTOR VISCERAL ESPECIAL (MVE): musculatura estriada (voluntaria) derivada de
arcos faríngeos
MOTOR VISCERAL GENERAL (MVG): vísceras, glándulas, musculatura lisa o
involuntaria. Por el SN simpático y el parasimpático
Nervios sensitivos:
SENSITIVO SOMÁTICO GENERAL (SSG): cutánea, táctil. Térmica, nociceptiva (dolor),
propiocepción
SENSITIVO VISCERAL ESPECIAL / GUSTATIVA (SVE): gusto
SENSITIVO VISCERAL GENERAL (SNG): vísceras. Por el vago y el glosofaríngeo de
barorreceptores (presión) y quimioreceptores (composición química)
SENSIBILIDAD ESPECIAL (SE): órganos de los sentidos (vista, olfato, audición, equilibrio
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