ECS 1501 ASSIGNMENT 6 Latest 2022/2023
Traditional Organizational Functions - CORRECT ANSWER traditional functions within organizations include marketing + sales, supply chain management, accounting & finance, human resources, and more!
These functions are HIGHLY INTERDEPENDENT with many fu...
Traditional Organizational Functions - CORRECT ANSWER traditional functions
within organizations include marketing + sales, supply chain management,
accounting & finance, human resources, and more!
These functions are HIGHLY INTERDEPENDENT with many functions
assisting or affecting another function. This makes the exchange of
information (usually through Information systems) within organizations
ESSENTIAL!
✠Core Business Process & Organizational Value Chain - CORRECT
ANSWER 1. Order-to-Cash (selling)
2. Procure-to-Pay (buying)
3. Make-to-Stock (manufacturing)
4. Make-to-Order (manufacturing)
Order-to-Cash - CORRECT ANSWER ** SELLING
- the process of selling goods & services & collecting revenue for them. This
includes every aspect of receiving an order, fulfilling it, and receiving
payment. It involves multiple business functions (marketing + sales, supply
chain management, accounting & finance, manufacturers & operations) &
quality exchange of information!
* Can you imagine how much time and complexity this process would take
a company like Amazon without Information Systems? Information systems
help business to operate effectively & efficiently AND add VALUE!
- the process of ordering goods & services & paying for them. This
includes every aspect necessary to acquire goods or materials for
operations. It involves multiple business functions (marketing + sales,
supply chain management, accounting & finance, manufacturers &
operations) & quality exchange of information!
,- the process of manufacturing goods, either based on forecasts or orders.
- The make-to-stock process is based on forecasts or budgeted sales
figures and is simpler since it is usually used with standard or
commodity products (cheap, high volume).
- the process of manufacturing goods, either based on forecasts or orders.
- The make-to-order process is more complex since it is used with designed
or specialized products (expensive, low volume), so extra steps like
designing or additional engineering is required.
Example Supply Chain with Core Business Processes Included - CORRECT
ANSWER
* See Image Below!
✠Value Chain Analysis - CORRECT ANSWER used to identify opportunities
where IS can be utilized to gain a competitive advantage; analyzing a
company's activities (listed below) to identify which processes/activities
need to be optimized to gain a competitive advantage.
- Core activities (inbound & outbound logistics, operations, marketing &
sales, service) are those that DIRECTLY create value for the customer while
support activities (firm infrastructure, human resource management,
technology development, & procurement) are those that enable the core
activities to function efficiently, but do NOT DIRECTLY create value for the
customer.
- These core activities differ among industries, but the idea behind the
value chain is companies will perform better than their competitors if
they perform better in one of more key business processes!
Value System - CORRECT ANSWER combining the value chain of multiple
organizations through information systems (IS) to facilitate the flow of
information to operate effectively & efficiently!
Enterprise Systems - CORRECT ANSWER information systems (IS) that span
the breadth of the organization; involves multiple business functions
(marketing + sales,
- The two most likely benefits realized from utilizing enterprise systems are
improvements in (1) availability of information and (2) increased
interaction throughout the organization.
OLD Enterprise Systems: Legacy (Stand-Alone Applications) & Proprietary
Systems
NEW Enterprise Systems: Integrated Enterprise System Approach
Old Enterprise Systems - CORRECT ANSWER ** Legacy Systems (Stand-
Alone Applications): EACH department has its OWN system to conduct
daily business activities that were NOT designed to communicate with
other systems. These were NOT particularly useful for other areas in the
firm!
- This is inefficient because people must take the time to access, correct,
coordinate, and more throughout MULTIPLE systems! Pitfalls of this system
include infrastructure specific, inefficient processes, & potential for
inaccuracies!
** Proprietary Systems: from vendors, these were NOT designed to share
information with other vendors' systems. There was a problem "knitting
together" information because of a lack of integration.
Integrated Enterprise System Approach - CORRECT ANSWER NEW Enterprise
System that streamlines operations across the ENTIRE value chain,
improving effectiveness & efficiency! Contains internally (information flow
WITHIN the organization) & externally (information flow OUTSIDE the
organization - includes supply chain & customer relationship management).
- Each module within an enterprise system replaces a legacy (stand-alone)
system!
Software Types to Improve Enterprise Systems - CORRECT ANSWER 1.
Packaged Software ("Off the Shelf"): this software often does NOT require
configuration & are usually divided into modules. Special functionality
may require customizing the packaged (or vanilla) version. An example of
this includes Microsoft Word!
2. Customer Software: enterprise software is extraordinarily complex & often
requires configuring. This software entail significant costs & often creates a
version that can NOT be upgraded with reprogramming, so a cost-benefit
analysis should be performed prior to any customizations.
Business Process Management - CORRECT ANSWER evolved from "business
process reengineering"
- actively managing a company's business processes like process modeling,
redesign, & improvement. The benefits of this approach include reduced
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