Summary World War 2 Notes - Retroactive 2 (Stage 5)
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Course
History
Institution
10th Grade
Book
Retroactive 2 NSW Australian Curriculum History Stage 5
This document provides an in-depth summary of Retroactive 2 (Stage 5) World War 2 textbook, along with key points and understandable elaborations on the chapter.
Keywords:
Armistice: an agreement between opposing sides to stop fighting as a prelude to making peace
Democratic republic: a government run on democratic principles with an elected rather than a hereditary head of
state
Right-wing: describes people supporting nationalism, tradition and a social hierarchy, as opposed to those of the left
wing, who support change to improve workers’ economic, political and social position
Weimar Republic: the name of the German government from late 1918 to early 1933
,Great Depression : A period from the late 1920s until the outbreak of World War II when most nations suffered
severe economic hardship and massive unemployment
1. Describe the ignition of World War II?
When World War I came to an end on 11 November 1918, French president commented, ‘We’ve won the
war; now we have to win the peace and it may be more difficult.’ Just over 20 years later, the world was
once again at war. World War II broke out on 1 September 1939 and officially ended on 2 September 1945.
It had its origins in:
- The Treaty of Versailles
- The expansionist policies of Germany, Italy and Japan
- The weaknesses of the international peace-keeping body, the League of Nations
- The failure of Britain and France’s appeasement policy
THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES, 28 JUNE 1919
1. Describe the terms of the treaty of versailles
The armistice of 11 November 1918 brought about the ceasefire that ended World War I. In January 1919,
the victorious Allies met at the Paris Peace Conference to decide the terms they would impose on Germany
and on each of the defeated Central Powers. On 7 May 1919,the Allies presented the German delegation
with their terms. The terms were harsh and the German government had three weeks to propose
amendments. The Allies addressed some of these in Germany’s favour. Germany had little choice other
than to accept the rest. On 28 June 1919, Germany’s representatives signed the treaty at the Palace of
Versailles outside Paris. The German government’s acceptance of the treaty’s harsh terms made it even
more unpopular with its enemies.
Who are the right wing groups?
Right-wing groups referred to the men who signed the armistice as the ‘November criminals’ and began
what has become known as the ‘stab in the back’ legend.
HITLER AND THE RISE OF NAZISM
1. Describe the emergence of Hitler and the Nazi Party.
Adolf Hitler was one of the member of the Nazi Party. He was a member who worked hard to improvise the
party’s profile. Furthermore, he issued a 25-point program outlining the party’s goals; encouraged the use
of its symbol, the swastika; and organised mass meetings and a party newspaper to promote its ideas and
help spread these to a wider audience. By 1923, he emerged as the leader of the party.
2. Describe the state of the Nazi party after Hitler’s release.
The onset of the Great Depression created a situation that the Nazis used to gain a major increase in
support. Through his speeches, he framed that the Weimar Republic’s policies had caused the Great
Depression, that the Jews were responsible for all of Germany’s problems and that the government’s
signing of the Treaty of Versailles had been a ‘stab in the back’ for the German nation. The Nazi party held
more seats and a higher Great Depression: a period from the late 1920s until the outbreak of World War II
when most nations suffered severe economic hardship and massive unemployment.In January 1933, the
, German President, invited Hitler to become Chancellor of Germany and head a coalition government, that
is, a government made up of different political parties.
3. How did Hitler gain loyalty and how did he use it?
As chancellor, Hitler acted quickly to decrease the power of his coalition partners. He encouraged fear of
communism and imprisoned thousands of his Communist and other political opponents. By August 1934,
Germany was a one-party state and Hitler the dictator to whom the German army swore an oath of personal
loyalty. He used his power to reverse key decisions and limitations imposed by the Treaty of Versailles.
THE LEAGUE, APPEASEMENT AND THE RIGHT WING POWER
1. Describe the emergence of League Nations
The League of Nations came into being in 1920 with the intention of promoting international cooperation
and maintaining peace through collective security
2. Describe the failure of League Nations.
While the League had some success in the 1920s, it failed to take effective action to control the aggression
that Germany, Italy and Japan unleashed in the 1930s. United Nations never joined the league, followingly,
German and Japan, later Italy quit the League.
ITALY AND THE ORIGINS OF WORLD WAR II
1. How did the invasion of Abyssina result in a negative impact between the league and Italy?
Abyssinia asked the League for help, In September 1935 the League proposed that Abyssinia give some of
its land to Italy. In October, Italian troops invaded Abyssinia. Italy was clearly at fault. The League
imposed a series of trade bans. League members were not to sell arms, rubber, tin or metals to Italy. Italy
took control of all of Abyssinia and in November joined Germany in an agreement known as the
Rome–Berlin Axis. In April 1939, in another expansionist move, Italy invaded Albania.
GERMANY AND THE ORIGINS OF WWII
1. What role did Germany play in the Origins of WWII?
Hitler withdrew Germany from the League of Nations in 1933 and began overturning restrictions on
Germany’s power imposed by the Treaty of Versailles. In 1936, he sent troops into the Rhineland and
introduced a four-year plan to get the German economy ready for war. Britain believed that some of
Germany’s claims were justified and was economically and militarily unprepared to risk war with
Germany. Her response was to try and appease Germany. Germany’s actions in the Rhineland in 1936 were
a direct threat to French security, yet France did nothing to stop them. France would not act without British
support and was weakened by tensions between left- and right-wing forces within France.
APPEASEMENT AND ‘PEACE IN OUR TIME’
1. What was the Peace in our time?
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