TEST BANK The Analysis of Biological Data Third Edition by Michael C. Whitlock and Dolph Schluter. ISBN 6299. All Chapters 1-21. TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapte r 1 Statistics and samples Chapter 2 Displaying data Chapter 3 Describing data Chapter 4 Estimating with uncertainty Chapter 5 Probability Chapt...
Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1. Other terms for a "sampling unit" include all of the following, except one.
a. Individual
b. Replicate
c. Statistic
d. Subject
2. For the data set: 1, 3, 6, 6, 7, 7, 7, 8, 8, 9
which of the following is true?
a. The absolute frequency of "6" is 0.2, and the relative frequency of "7" is 0.3.
b. The absolute frequency of "6" is 0.2, and the relative frequency of "7" is 3.
c. The absolute frequency of "6" is 2, and the relative frequency of "7" is 0.3.
d. The absolute frequency of "6" is 2, and the relative frequency of "7" is 3.
3. If we are conducting a study and seeking to determine the relationship between two variables, but a third
variable complicates the situation and makes it hard to figure out the causal relationship, we term this third
variable a(n) _____ variable.
a. Confounding
b. Interfering
c. Non-linear
d. Random
4. The measurements of one or more variables made on a sample of individuals is called which of the following?
a. Data
b. Parameters
c. Treatments
d. Variates
5. Ideal samples are unbiased; which of the following terms is a synonym for unbiased in this context?
a. Accurate
b. Centered
c. Precise
d. Proportional
6. Characteristics or measurements that differ from individual to individual are called which of the following?
a. Data
b. Statistics
c. Treatments
d. Variables
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Chap 01_3e
7. Which of the following is the best description of our approach to statistics?
a. We calculate statistics to look for mathematical relationships between samples and
populations.
b. We perform mathematical operations with data values in order to compare the values in
samples to the values in populations.
c. We take samples from populations in order to calculate parameters, which we can then use
to predict the statistics of the population.
d. We want to know about a population but can't measure everything, so we use data from
a subset to infer what is probable for the population.
8. When we look at a sample, the number of times a specific measurement is observed is called the _____ of the
observation.
a. Frequency
b. Probability
c. Proportion
d. Statistic
9. If we administered psychological tests to a set of students and then placed these subjects into groups with the
labels "anxious," "calm," "angry," and "control," what type of variable have we created for our sample?
a. Ordinal categorical
b. Ordinal quantitative
c. Nominal categorical
d. Nominal quantitative
10. Which of the following is correct?
a. Populations are described by parameters, whereas samples provide estimates or statistics.
b. Populations are described by estimates, whereas samples provide parameters or statistics.
c. Populations are described by statistics, whereas samples provide estimates or parameters.
d. Populations are described by statistics or parameters, whereas samples provide estimates.
11. Which of the following is the best definition of estimation?
a. Increasing a sample yields better data.
b. Predicting a measured value before the measurements begin.
c. The process of rounding values to specific degrees of accuracy.
d. Using sample data to infer population data.
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Chap 01_3e
12. Consider the figure showing the final position of balls dropped that had been aimed at the indentation. Which
of the plots shows the situation best described as good accuracy, good precision?
a. Plot A
b. Plot B
c. Plot C
d. Plot D
13. When a researcher takes a sample of individuals because they are easily available, rather than choosing
randomly, we say they have done which of the following?
a. Taken a "biased sample."
b. Taken a "sample of convenience."
c. Taken a "saturated sample."
d. Taken an "availability sample."
14. When subjects in studies are randomly assigned to treatment groups, we call this a(n) _____ study, whereas if
the subjects are in treatment groups for some other reasons, we call this a(n) _____ study.
a. case-control : cohort
b. cohort : case-control
c. experimental : observational
d. observational : experimental
15. Sampling error is defined as differences between the estimate and the estimated parameter due to which of the
following?
a. Bias in the sample.
b. Errors due to rounding sample statistics too much.
c. Mistakes during sampling.
d. Randomness during sampling.
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