DaVita PCT Study Guide Verified
Answers 2023
Ultrafiltration Ans- Fluid pushed through the semipermeable membrane
Convection Ans- Solutes dragged across semipermeable membrane along with fluid
Diffusion Ans- Particles move from area of high concentration to low
Osmosis Ans- Fluid moves from a...
DaVita PCT Study Guide Verified
Answers 2023
Ultrafiltration Ans- Fluid pushed through the semipermeable membrane
Convection Ans- Solutes dragged across semipermeable membrane along with fluid
Diffusion Ans- Particles move from area of high concentration to low
Osmosis Ans- Fluid moves from area of low to high concentration
What are the kidneys' excretory functions? Ans- To normalize electrolytes, remove wastes, provide fluid
and nutrient balance
What are the kidneys' endocrine functions? Ans- Renin secretion, erythropoietin secretion, vitamin D
activation
What is the function of the acid concentrate? Ans- Provides the concentration gradient for diffusion
What is the function of bicarbonate the dialysate solution? Ans- Buffer the acid concentrate
What is the function of bicarbonate when it diffuses into the patient's blood? Ans- Normalizes body pH
How do we replace normal excretory kidney functions? Ans- Normalizes electrolytes, provide fluid
balance through ultrafiltration
How do we replace normal endocrine kidney functions? Ans- Provide medications
Outline the treatment goals for a patient with chronic kidney disease (CKD) Ans- -slowing the
progression of ckd
,-managing comorbidities and complications
-controlling symptoms
-minimizing the effects of ckd on patients' lifestyles
-kidney replacement therapy modality education
-encouraging patients to actively participate in their healthcare
What are the most common causes for CKD in the USA? Ans- Diabetes
Hypotension
Polycystic Kidney Disease
Why is it important to know what caused your patient's CKD? Ans- So the nurse and PCT can inquire
about possible problems during data collection and assessment
Signs and Symptoms of fluid imbalance Ans- Hypertension
Edema
Shortness of breath
What does hypertension lead to? Ans- Left Ventricular Hypertrophy
Why is sodium balance important? Ans- Leads to volume expansion- increased CO- increased peripheral
vascular resistance- increased BP
Signs and symptoms of Hyperkalemia Ans- >6.5 mEq symptoms: extreme muscle weakness, abnormal
heart rhythm, and possible cardiac arrest
Signs and symptoms of Hypokalemia Ans- <3.5 mEq symptoms: fatigue, muscle weakness, paralysis, and
respiratory failure, cardiac instability, arrhythmias, cardiac arrest
Why are dialysis patients anemic?
, The lifespan of their RBC is 60 days or approx 1/2 of normal 120 days Ans- Primary cause: lack of the
hormone erythropoietin (epo)
Secondary cause: inadequate iron stores, inadequate dialysis, malnutrition, blood loss during treatment
How can you prevent contributing to lower hemoglobin levels and blood loss in dialysis patients? Ans-
Ensure Epogen dose is correct and administered, rinse back blood completely, avoid repeat lab draws
What is pericarditis? Ans- Inflammation of the membrane (pericardial sac) around the heart
What is included in its treatment? Ans- decrease or stop heparin
give more frequent dialysis
Systemic effects of CKD
Dry, itchy skin -> what do you do? Ans- use hyper-fatty soaps and lotions caution patient re; safety at
home, provide emotional support, control diabetes and phosphorus
Systemic effects of CKD
Peripheral Neuropathy (nerve pain in extremities)
-> what do you do? Ans- monitor patient for changes in motor function, decreased strength in legs, C/O
restless legs, burning feet.
advise patient not to walk barefoot, have good foot care practices
Systemic effects of CKD
GI problems -> what do you do? Ans- inform rn and md of any bleeding problems/ constipation/
diarrhea/ er visits, take meds as ordered
ex: stool softness/ Imodium
Systemic effects of CKD
Psychological problems -> what do you do? Ans- anxiety or depression
verbalize struggles to IDT
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