BIOD 121 Portage module 3
positive energy balance Ans- more calories consumed than expended
negative energy balance Ans- fewer calories consumed than expended
hyperplasia Ans- increase in number of cells (e.g., fat cells in childhood, pregnancy)
hypertrophy Ans- increase in cell size (low growt...
BIOD 121 Portage module 3
positive energy balance Ans- more calories consumed than expended
negative energy balance Ans- fewer calories consumed than expended
hyperplasia Ans- increase in number of cells (e.g., fat cells in childhood, pregnancy)
hypertrophy Ans- increase in cell size (low growth and maintenance, such as throughout adulthood)
basal metabolic rate Ans- the number of calories used by the body while in a fasting state
accounts for approximately 60-70% of energy expenditure
males 1kcal/kg/hr, femals 0.9kcal/kg/hr
BMR Effectors Ans- gender, lean body mass, body size, temperature, age, nervous system activity, levels
of caffeine intake, and tobacco use
age and BMR Ans- declines by 1-2% per decade
Thermic effect of food (TEF) Ans- energy used for digestion and absorption of food and accounts for
approximately 10% of the calories expended
Thermogenesis Ans- ability to regulate body temperature and activities such as fidgeting, maintaining
body posture, and shivering
small expenditure
brown fat Ans- found in infants below the collar bone
metabolizes the energy yielding nutrients, which results in heat production to be used by the body
more brown fat in lean adults
, physical activity Ans- 15-40% of energy expenditure
direct calorimetry Ans- measures the amount of heat given off by the body
insulated chamber surrounded by a thin layer of water is used to measure the amount of heat emitted
by the subject in the chamber
indirect calorimetry Ans- uses oxygen intake and carbon dioxide output, along with scientific formulas,
to measure energy expended
Male BMR formula Ans- 66 + (6.23 x weight in pounds) + (12.7 x height in inches) - (6.8 x age)
Female BMR formula Ans- 655 + (4.35 x weight in pounds) + (4.7 x height in inches) - (4.7 x age)
Physical activity estimate Ans- 1.2 = little to no exercise
1.375 = light exercise 1-3 days per week
1.55 = moderate exercise 3-5 days per week
1.725 = hard exercise 6-7 days per week
1.9 = hard daily exercise/job
Male EER Ans- 662 - (9.53 x AGE) + PA x (15.91 x WT + 539.6 x HT)
Female EER Ans- 354 - (6.91 x AGE) + PA x (9.36 x WT + 726 x HT)
height-to-weight tables Ans- used in an attempt to link longevity to a person's weight as based on their
height
used for the general population but did not take into account individual differences
"healthy weight" Ans- preferred term (over ideal/desirable)
BMI Ans- improved measure of body fat relative to one's height and weight
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