Here we have a very nice comprehensive notes version of answers to the edexcel IGCSE workbook for Chemistry. These however are perfect for revision for all candidates taking chemistry gcse, especially for those who want to gain a higher level.
Principles of chemistry
- Solids have strong forces of attraction between particles!
- Solids have a regular arrangement of particles!
- Solid’s particles don’t move, so they keep their shape!
- The hotter a solid becomes, the more the particles move and vibrate!
- When a liquid is heated, particles vibrate more as they gain energy, they move
around faster and go from being close together to being further apart!
- Subliming is when matter changes from a solid to a gas.!
- When a liquid changes from a liquid to a gas naturally, is evaporation. !
- When a solid is heated to the melting point, the particles vibrate more and gain
energy, the forces become weaker, so the particles can move more and break free
from their position.!
- The process when colour spreads through a beaker is diffusion!
- If more water is added to a beaker, the water will get less purple as the potassium
mananate particles spread further apart.!
- In a test tube with ammonium gas in one end and hydrogen chloride gas in the other,
a white ring will form near the chloride because ammonia particles are smaller and
lighter and can diffuse more quickly.!
- Number of protons and neutrons (top number)!
- Number of protons is the atomic number (bottom number)!
- Number of neutrons is top number take away bottom number!
- Number of electrons is proton number (bottom number)!
- Protons have a relative mass of 1 and a charge of +1!
- Neutrons have a relative mass of 1 and a charge of 0!
- Electrons have a relative mass of 1/2000 and a charge of -1!
- The atomic number of helium is 2 (bottom number)!
- The atomic mass of helium is 4 (top number)!
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