,An Introduction to the Axial Skeleton
• Structures of Bones
• Articulations
• Contacts with other bones
• Landmarks (Bone Markings; Marks)
• Areas of muscle and ligament attachment
• Foramina
• Openings for nerves and blood vessels
,The Axial Skeleton
• The axial skeleton
• Forms the longitudinal axis of the body
• Has 80 bones
• The skull:
• 8 cranial bones
• 14 facial bones
• Bones associated with the skull:
• 6 auditory ossicles
• the hyoid bone
, The Axial Skeleton
• The axial skeleton
• The vertebral column
24 vertebrae (singular = vertebra)
The sacrum
The coccyx
• The thoracic cage
24 ribs
The sternum
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