STUDY Guide for NRSG 2350 Exam 2
Exam will cover Modules 4 – 6 (Heme/Onc, Neuro and Cardiac)
For Patho: Please be sure you understand the A&P. Always know what is normal so you can understand when something is abnormal. For all patho, review risk factors, signs and symptoms, diagnostics, assess...
STUDY Guide for NRSG 2350 Exam 2
Exam will cover Modules 4 – 6 (Heme/Onc, Neuro and Cardiac)
For Patho: Please be sure you understand the A&P. Always know what is normal so you can understand
when something is abnormal. For all patho, review risk factors, signs and symptoms, diagnostics,
assessment data / labs. All disorders / diseases will be listed in the vocab list below.
For all Pharm: Please know the class and prototype given. I may list additional meds in a class below, so
be familiar with those as well. Know the MOA, the reason for giving, what are the intended /
therapeutic effects, what are the side effects, are there any contraindications, are there any drug-drug
interactions, and what is the nursing management? Be familiar with the trade and generic name of a
med.
VOCAB LIST: These are concepts, diseases, medications, etc., that you may or will see on the
exam. Please see above for details regarding patho and pharm specifics.
PATHO
Hematopoiesis – the formation of RBCs
Anemia – disorder with too few or ineffective RBCs (result of aleration of erythropoiesis or hemolysis of
cells) Classified based on size of RBCs or underlying etiology
Cytic – classification – refers to cell size
Chromic – classification – refers to cell Hgb content
Microcytic – abnormally small RBCs [ex. = iron deficiency and thalassemia (lacks one of the 2
proteins that make up hemoglobin)]
Also usually hypochromic – Not enough hemoglobin to carry the oxygen
Macrocytic – Large, thick RBCs, AKA Megaloblastic, normal amount of Hgb – vitamin B12 or
folate deficient
Pernicious – subtype of Vitamin B12 deficiency
Normocytic – insufficient number of RBCs – normal in size and Hgb content
Anemia of chronic disease – inflammation
Aplastic – failure to produce all types of blood cells
Hemolytic – result from excessive destruction or hemolysis of RBCs [ex. Sickle cell, thalassemia]
Sickle cell – RBCs have an abnormal crescent shape
Key factors of making healthy RBCs = enough iron (form hemoglobin rings to carry oxygen), B12 and Folic
Acid (form supporting structure), Amino acids and carbohydrates (complete hemoglobin rings, cell
membrane, and basic structure)
White Blood Cells = Neutrophil, eosinophil, basophil, monocyte, lymphocyte
, WBC disorders: (normal range is 5k-10k cells/mL)
Leukocytosis: a state of increased WBC, usually indicates infectious process
Leukocytopenia: a state of decreased WBC, indicate immune deficiency, bone marrow
suppression
Neutropenia: decreased neutrophil count, makes body poorly equipped to fight infection
WBC diseases:
Lymphomas – Proliferation of lymphocytes in lymphoid tissue
Hodgkin’s lymphoma = T-cell
Non-Hodgkins lymphoma (NHL) – 40 types – B or T cells (80/20%)
Leukemias (myeloid or lymphoid) – risk factors = exposure to chemicals, viral, radiation
mutagens, smoking, immunodeficiency disorders
Acute: Immature cells, Onset abrupt and rapid, Short survival time of patients, but
improving
Chronic: Mature in appearance but does not function normally, Gradual onset, Good
survival
Multiple Myeloma - excessive number of abnormal plasma cells in the bone marrow, crowds
blood forming cells.
Bleeding disorders:
Hemophilia A – Deficiency or abnormality of clotting factor 8 (VIII)
Aplastic Anemia (Pancytopenia) – Does not produce WBCs, RBCs, or Thrombocytecs (may be
caused by cancer, autoimmune, tonxins, genetics, etc.)
Cancer – causes many bleeding disorders
Hemoglobin – protein contained in red blood cells that is responsible for delivery of oxygen to the
tissues
Normal ranges = men 14 to 18 g/dl, women 12 to 16 g/dl.
Hematocrit - measures the volume of red blood cells compared to the total blood volume (red blood
cells and plasma).
Normal hematocrit ranges = men 40 to 54%, women 36 to 48%.
Erythropoiesis – production of RBCs, stimulated by erythropoeitin, stimulating agents = Epoetin Alfa
(Epogen or Procrit), Darbepoetin Alfa (Aranesp)
Made in kidney in response to hypoxia
Colony stimulating factors:
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller FLOYYD12. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $14.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
