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NR222 Health & Wellness
Exam 2 Review
Unit 3
1) Dominant culture & sub‐culture influences and trends in American Health &
Wellness – The Emerging populations.
Hispanic/Latino cultures Culture & related health issues or diseases
- Heart disease, HIV/AIDS, stroke & diabetes
- & women have higher incidence & mortality for stomach cancer
Asian American/Pacific Islander cultures& related health issues or diseases (e.g. family decision-maker)
- Some carry diseases from their home countries, and they may now experience new diseases b/c of their new
lifestyle and living conditions (however, AAPIs are more likely to be healthier than Whites and other ethnic groups.
Asian women have highest life expectancy (85.5) among all ethnic groups in the United States
o Factors threaten their health: language/cultural barriers, lack of health insurance, and fear of transportation
o Cancers, heart disease, stroke, unintentional injuries, and diabetes are the top 5 leading causes of death
o High risk factors for COPD, hepatitis B, HIV/AIDs, smoking, tuberculosis, liver diseases
o Women are less likely to die from breast cancer, death rates are lower compared to the other ethnic groups, but
AAPIs are three times more likely to have stomach cancer compared with non-Hispanic whites
o Lower rate of hypertension, overweight, less likely to be current cigarrete users compared with white adults.
- Older family members are usually respected and have authority that is often unquestioned
o Among Filipinos, calling older persons by their first names is a sign of disrespect
o Oldest male family member often id the decision maker and spokesperson
o Authorities and professionals are usually respected in the Asian American communities (Physicians and their
recommendations are powerful and highly respected and valued) may avoid showing their disagreements with the
recommendations of health care professionals Health care providers need to recognize that lack of disagreement
with recommended treatments or therapies does not mean that the Asian American patient and family agree with or
will abide by the treatment recommendations.
- Barriers that prevent AAPIs are: sexually related issues are taboo topics and considered private matter that
should not be discussed with other persons except the spouse (Women may feel it is embarrassing to discuss sex
with physician or receive some form of physical examination)
African‐America/Black cultures & related health issues or diseases
1
, NR222 Health & Wellness
Exam 2 Review
- Lower life expectancies at age 65 than other groups
- Leading cause of death: cancer, HIV/AIDS, obesity, diabetes, heart disease, hypertension
American Indians/Alaska Natives culture & related health issues or diseases
- Heart disease, cancer, unintentional injuries (accidents), diabetes, and stroke
- High risk factors for mental health, suicide, obesity, substance abuse, SIDS, teen pregnancy, liver
disease & hepatitis
Arab American Culture & related health issues or diseases
- Suffer from chronic health problems such as diabetes and coronary artery disease.
o Factors: obesity, age, gender, and low employment rates
- Mental health and the role of acculturation in Arab Americans
- Tobacco consumption in Arab American adolescents affecting respiratory and cardiovascular systems.
o Tobacco chew, cigarettes smoking, using a shisha (water pipe) are three major methods used to consume tobacco
products
o Both men and women have a long traditional of using shisha and cigarettes with their friends and families and at
other social gatherings
o Leads to heart disease, hypertension, and diabetes
- Barriers that prevent Arab Americans from using professional care services:
o Religious beliefs and practices, cultural norms relating to modesty, family values of upholding the family’s
reputation, gender issues such as preference for same-sex health provider, use of folk remedies, and stresses of
assimilation and acculturation such as lack of English skills
2) Homeless persons; Homelessness Barriers in accessing healthcare
- Homelessness is a major public health issue. According to public health organizations, absolute
homelessness describes people without physical shelter who sleep outdoors in vehicles , in abandoned
buildings, or in other places not intended for human habitation
- Homelessness severely affects the functioning, health, and well-being of the family and its members.
Children of homeless families are often in fair or poor health and have higher rates of asthma, ear
infections, stomach problems, and mental illness. the only access to health care for these children is
through an emergency department
- Heart disease, cancer, liver disease, kidney disease, skin infections, HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis,
pneumonia, substance abuse, stress, depression
- Barriers in accessing healthcare:
o Lack of health insurance and inadequate resources to travel to health facilities
3) Immigrants: Barriers to adhering to health promotion
2
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