This summary sheet will cover all the basics of organic chemistry from functional groups, naming, intermolecular forces, polarity, hydrocarbons, to reactions.
It is a summary of both class notes and chapter 1 and 2 of the McGraw-Hill Ryerson textbook.
Degree
Each hold covalent bands. Thus, the of bands
-
carbon can
up
to a carbon atom can -
Representing number
connect to as
many
four other atoms. Carbon can bond to
many
other
types of - DoU-2C+2-11+X3 + N
and
atoms, including hydrogen, oxygen nitrogen. 2
In addition tend to create bonds with
carbons
strong single, double, or
triple formal
charges:
-
-
other carbons.
charge of an atom in a molecule
of
-
The numbers of single, double bevels bone determine the saturation
- or
triple can
the
bonds of an atom from the valence b
molecule:
> Melecules that contain only single carbon-carbon bonds are saturated. I means all carbon - Aromatic compou
atoms are bended to the maximum number of other atoms which is 4. No more
bending can -
Aromatic compounds are
comp
happen. -Benze Planar and all t
ring is
-> Melecules that contain double or
triple bonds are unsaturated. The carbon atoms
-
To name benzenes:
on either side of the double or
tripleband are bonded to less than 4 atoms each,
as if the benzene is the main
which allows the carbon to bond more with other atoms.
b)If it's a branch, it's called phe
be different shapes
- Carbon melecules can in such as a chain or a
ring.
Carbon structures the backbone of C) If the benzene has two
-
are
organic chemistry/componnel.
* Imbalance of charge will orth o
-Hydro Carbons:
I
lead to resonance structures. 2
Hydrocarbons the Resonance structures cannot
- are
simplest form of
organic compounds.
functional
They are
composed of
entirely hydrogen and carbon atoms, break a single bond. -
groups:
fuels.
-They're widely used as -
Compounds are named
accordin
Hydrocarbons are
non-polar compounds. functional group attached with the high
-
Hydrocarbons are divided into:
-
Alcohols: -
I
1) Aliphatic hydrocarbons: -
An
organic compound that -
o
- A contains carbon atoms that are bonded in one or more chains and
rings. includes - off functional
group. Fu
Carbon, carbon bonds
-
The carbon atoms
single, double, or
triple bonds.
Pure double bands.
-
Ends with the suffix 'ol? NH
chain
lanes, hence, and
and
-
Alipathic hydrocarbons include
straight cyclic
-
General formula - ROH -Ge
alkynes. > Carbon, carbon
m
It's classified based on E
bonds bonds
single
-
triple
-
Carbon, Carbon bonds are bands. are
Aromatic number of carbons the
2)
hydrocarbons:
↳
-
-Aromatic hydrocarbors are
hydrocarbons based on the aromatic benzene hydroxyl carbon is connected on
group.
to.
(i'2;3' hyd
carboneconnectedte
connected
-
They contain benzene
rings. ↳o n e connected
ta
is
carbon
- Alkanes: Alkenes: -
Aromatic alcohol is called
8H
An Allane is a
hydrocarbon A
compound (hydrocarbon) that 'phenel" -fo
I
- -
has H.bonding
that
only has
single bonds. at least one double bend. -> water soluble - wh
They have the formula
(nHen+2 -
Straight-chain Alkenes with
High boiling/melting point -
te
-
An alkane in the shape of a
ring has the one double bond have the same formula -
Alkyl Halides: lik
as
structure naming of
cycloalicane. And the formula cycloalkanes -> In Her -
A hydrocarbon that has m
CrHzn. had some
hydrogens replaced - I
by halogens. -W
-
Alkynes: -
cycloalkanes alkenes alkynes: - General formula -
R - X -
H
When the Similar
-> A compound that has at least -
aliphatic have
ring structures, -
characteristics to
bond. alcohols.
triple
-T-bromopropane
the
one and
ring structures are the main chains.
Br
- A
straight chain
alkyne with one
triple The root will
get a prefix of
'cyclo'
benel has the Formula (n H2n.2. -
Ketones: -
Organic compounds that has
-
or
-
Nomenclature: double bonded oxygen on the
prefix +
root
+
Suffix any
carbon on the main chain. firs
-
Root: -General formula - RCOR' ma
-represents the number of carbons in the Suffix: -
They are
organic compounds -
G
group between
with the E
longest, uninterrupted chain in the
compound. - indicates the
type of
compound, according to the carbonyl -
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