NCE Practice Test with explanations (LATEST UPDATE 2022) 205 Questions [88 pages]
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Course
NCE
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Liberty University
Susie is playing with blocks and is trying to build a tower; she tries but cannot build a tower. Susie's mother helps her build a four-block tower. Later, Susie builds a four-block tower without her mother's help. According to Vygotsky, the inability to build the tower on her own is known as: a. sc...
nce practice test with explanations latest update 2022 205 questions 88 pages
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NCE Practice Test with explanations (LATEST UPDATE
2022) 205 Questions [88 pages]
Susie is playing with blocks and is trying to build a tower; she tries but cannot
build a tower. Susie's mother helps her build a four-block tower. Later, Susie
builds a four-block tower without her mother's help. According to Vygotsky, the
inability to build the tower on
her own is known as:
a. scaffolding
b. the zone of proximal development
c. assisted discovery
d. learning by imitation Correct Answer: b. the zone of proximal development
"Scaffolding" is a term used by Vygotsky that explains what Susie's mother is
doing.
She is adjusting her level of support to Susie based on Susie's level of
performance. The zone of proximal development involves a range of tasks that
are too difficult for the child to do alone but possible to do with the help of
adults or other, more-skilled children. "Assisted discovery" is another term used
by Vygotsky to describe learning situations that a teacher sets up within a
classroom so that children are guided into discovering learning. Learning by
imitation is a type of learning that involves a child watching someone perform a
task and later performing the task by herself.
According to Erickson, when an individual fails to develop a strong sense of
identity, the individual will have troubles with the development of:
a. autonomy
b. initiative
c. intimacy
d. integrity Correct Answer: c. . intimacy
In Erickson's theory of psychosocial development, individuals who fail to
achieve the goal of the lower level of development will have problems attaining
the developmental task at the next stage of development. In the example above,
the individual failed to achieve identity, which occurs during adolescence.
Therefore, in young adulthood, the individual will have problems attaining
,intimacy, which is the developmental task to be achieved at this level. For
autonomy, the individual would have to have failed to attain basic trust; for
initiative, the individual would have to have failed to attain autonomy; and for
integrity, the individual would have to have failed to attain generativity.
Which of the following is the correct sequence of stages in Freud's theory of
personality development?
a. Oral, genital, latency, anal, phallic
b. Genital, anal, phallic, oral, latency
c. Latency, phallic, oral, anal, genital
d. Oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital Correct Answer: d. Oral, anal, phallic,
latency, genital
The best way to remember Freud's psychosexual stages of development is to
think about what key tasks individuals do throughout childhood. The first thing
infants do is suck (oral). Next, babies begin toilet training (anal), then discover
the difference between boys and girls (phallic). Next, children spend time
growing physically and cognitively but are latent in the psychosexual realm (not
focusing on anything sexual); finally, puberty sets in and they begin to think
about sex again and are focused on their own genitals.
Jacob's father tells Jacob to clean his room. When Jacob asks why, his father
responds, "Because I said so." The father's response is most representative of
which parenting style?
a. Uninvolved
b. Authoritarian
c. Authoritative
d. Permissive Correct Answer: b. Authoritarian
The authoritarian parenting style uses coercive techniques and psychological
control to discipline children, whereas the authoritative parenting style
emphasizes some control but allows for some independence. The uninvolved
parenting style rarely uses any control and the parent seems to be indifferent to
the child's level of independence. In the permissive parenting style, the parents
are typically overindulgent with the child. They exert very little control and are
lenient when it comes to granting independence to the child.
,Harry Harlow used baby monkeys and several different kinds of "surrogate
mothers" to investigate which factors are important in early development and
attachment. According to his findings, baby monkeys:
a. preferred a soft terrycloth "mother" to a wire-mesh "mother" that held a bottle
b. preferred a wire-mesh "mother" that held a bottle to a soft terrycloth "mother"
c. showed no preference
d. preferred neither "mother" Correct Answer: a. preferred a soft terrycloth
"mother" to a wire-mesh "mother" that held a bottle
In Harry Harlow's experiments, he found that baby monkeys preferred physical
comfort to hunger satisfaction. In other words, the baby monkeys wanted to be
close to a soft terrycloth "mother" rather than a wire-mesh "mother," even
though the latter presented food. Therefore, attachment involves more than
hunger satisfaction. It involves having close contact with a "loving" caregiver.
Which of the following is a myth about suicide in the United States?
a. Male suicide is four times higher than that among females.
b. It occurs in age groups of 90 years and up.
c. Psychiatrists, physicians, and dentists are most prone.
d. Asking someone about suicide may push that person over the edge. Correct
Answer: d. Asking someone about suicide may push that person over the edge.
If someone is thinking about suicide, asking that person about suicide will not
plant the seed or push her into committing suicide. It is important that as a
counselor, you ask clients about suicide so that they can get the help they need.
It is necessary to assess suicidality whenever you suspect that someone is
contemplating it or behaving in ways that may suggest that she is contemplating
it. It is best practice to assess for suicidality at each session with your clients.
Suicide knows no age boundaries. Females attempt suicide at a rate three times
higher than males, but males are successful more often, usually because
they use more lethal methods than females.
Cody does what his parents say because he doesn't want to lose his television
privileges.
, This is an example of what level in Kohlberg's theory of moral development?
a. Integrity versus despair
b. Preconventional
c. Conventional
d. Postconventional Correct Answer: b. Preconventional
Integrity versus despair is one of the stages in Erickson's psychosocial
developmental theory. Kohlberg postulated that in the first level,
preconventional, individuals are concerned with consequences imposed upon
them for wrongdoing. Thus, in the example, Cody wanted to avoid being
punished by having his television privileges taken away. At the conventional
level, an individual wants to conform to societal rules so that authority rules and
order is maintained. At the postconventional level, individuals define morality
in terms of universal values and altruism.
Josie likes to play peek-a-boo with her little brother, Jack. According to Piaget,
Jack finds this game fun because he has acquired ____________, which is one
of the primary tasks of the sensorimotor stage of cognitive development.
a. conservation
b. dual representation
c. object permanence
d. reversibility Correct Answer: c. object permanence
Piaget proposed that there are four stages of cognitive development. The first
stage is the sensorimotor stage, whereby the infant or toddler recognizes that
even though
something is out of sight, it still exists. Piaget's second stage of cognitive
development is the preoperational stage (early childhood years) in which
children begin to recognize that something can be an object as well as a symbol
(dual representation). The third stage of cognitive development according to
Piaget is called the concrete operational stage, during which children 6 to 11
years old develop the capacity of both conservation (object
permanence, or the understanding that physical characteristics of objects remain
the same even if the appearance is different) and reversibility (the ability to
think through a series of steps and then to reverse the process mentally).
The theorist associated with bonding and attachment is:
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