Detailed and concise a level biology revision notes on gene expression and cancer. This includes notes on gene mutations, stem cells and totipotency, regulating transcription, epigenetics, cancer and genome projects.
4- ENEMY THINK
Any change to the structure of and to
quantity DNA mutation
change
-
or is a
any
more nucleotide bases is mutation Gene mutations arise
one
gene may
or a .
spontaneously in DNA replication
TYPES OF MUTATION
Substitution
-
Nucleotide in a section of DNA is replaced by another nucleotide that has a
different base
change to the acid coded for DNA
May cause since ☐
-
no amino
degenerate . However a new codon for a different amino acid
could be formed .
This would charge the polypeptide coded for and it
may no longer function .
lead
being produced
A base could to stop codon instead
change
-
in a
i.
coding for the polypeptide would end and a different protein
would be produced .
Deletion
Removal of nucleotide base from DNA
a a
sequence
-
code producing as an .no acid
meaning each triplet
-
Causes a frame shift
read differently so the protein
may no longer
will be function
and the phenotype could be altered considerably
Addition
-
An extra base is inserted into the sequence
-
Usually causes a frame shift less of an impact ,
of there are
3
bases added
Duplication
-
One or more bases repeated producing a frame shift
Inversion
-
Group of bases become separated from the DNA and rejoin at the
same position but in the inverse order
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller emmabraithwaite. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $7.14. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
