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AQA GCSE 9-1 Biology Cell Structure and Transportation topic summary
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A summary of the AQA GCSE Biology specification for the Cell Structure and Transportation topic.
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Animal Cells contain: Magnification = Size of image / size of real objectA NUCLEUS: Controls all the activities of the cell. Size of real object = size of image / magnification
Contains the genes of the chromosomes that carry 1MM = 1000
instructions for making proteins to build new cells or Light microscopes magnify up to 1 Micrometre = 100
organisms. x2000, and have a resolving power of
about 200nm.
THE CYTOPLASM: A liquid gel in which the organelles
are suspended and where most of the chemical Electron microscopes magnify up to
reactions needed for life take place. around x2,000,000, and have a
resolving power of around 0.2nm.
THE CELL MEMBRANE: Controls the passage of
substances such as glucose and mineral ions into the
Cell structure and
cell.
transport
MITOCHONDRIA: Small structures in the cytoplasm PROKARYOTIC CELLS: Consist of
where aerobic respiration takes place, releasing cytoplasm and cell membrane
energy for the cell. surrounded by cell wall. The
genetic material is not in a distinct EUKARYOTIC CELLS: Con
RIBOSOMES: Where protein synthesis takes place, nucleus, forms a DNA loop. May membrane, cytoplasm, a
making all the proteins needed in a cell. contain one or more extra small material enclosed in a nu
rings of DNA called plasmids.
As well as the above, some plants have these things: Bacteria are all prokaryo
1. CELLULOSE CELL WALL: Strengthens the cell and 2. CHLOROPLASTS: Contain chlorophyll, 3. VACUOLE: Space is the c
gives it support. It can be tough, flexible, and which absorbs light, so plants can with cell sap. Keeps cells r
sometimes rigid. photosynthesis. plants.
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