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AQA GCSE 9-1 Biology Respiration topic summary
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A summary of the AQA GCSE Biology specification for the respiration topic.
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RESPIRATION: A process in living organisms involving the production of energy, typically Cellular respiration is an exothermwith the intake of oxygen and the release of carbon dioxide. that occurs continuously in living
The energy transferred during respiration supplies all the energy needs for living The energy transferred supplies a
processes in the cells: needed for living processes.
- Living cells need energy to carry out the basic functions of life.
- In animals, energy from respiration is transferred to make muscles contract. AEROBIC RESPIRATION: The proc
- Mammals and birds maintain a constant internal body temperature. On cold days, producing cellular energy involvin
energy from respiration is transferred to help them stay warm. oxygen from the air.
- In plants, energy from respiration is transferred to move mineral ions such as nitrates
from the soil into root hair cells. ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION: Transf
from glucose to cells. It occurs w
The energy that is transferred during respiration is Respiration not present, and it transfers large
used to enable muscles to contract. During exercise, the energy quickly.
human body responds to the increasing demand for energy. METABOLISM: The sum
Respiration takes place in the mit
of all reactions in the
Responses to exercise include: body.
- An increased heart rate, breathing rate and breath Muscles store glucose as glycoge
volume. The energy transferred
- Glycogen stores in the muscles are converted to glucose Blood flowing
by respiration in cells is
for cellular respiration. through the
used by the organism for
- The flow of oxygenated blood to the muscles increases. muscles transports
the continual enzyme –
lactic acid to the
controlled processes of
These responses act to increase the rate of supply of glucose liver, to be
metabolism that
and oxygen to the muscles and the rate of removal of carbon converted back
synthesis new molecules.
dioxide from the muscles. into glucose.
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