Summary
AQA GCSE 9-1 Biology Communicable disease topic summary
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A summary of the AQA GCSE Biology specification for the Communicable diseases topic.
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HEALTH: A state of physical and metal Factors that affect Viruses living in your cells can trigger changes that lead to canwellbeing. health:
• Diet The immune system of your body helps you to destroy pathog
COMMUNICABLE DISEASES: Caused by • Stress better.
pathogens such as bacteria and viruses • Life situations
that can be passed from one person to (financial Immune reactions are initially caused by a pathogen, even som
another. situation, common cold, can trigger allergies.
gender, where
NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES: you live etc.) Physical and metal health are often linked closely together.
Cannot be transmitted from one person
to another. Malnutrition is often linked to health problems including defic
weak immune system, type 2 diabetes and cancer.
Bacteria and viruses reproduce rapidly inside your
body, they divide as often as every 20 mins.
Communicable diseases
The body has several lines of defe
the entry of pathogens. These inc
Bacteria can produce toxins (poisons) that can HIV initially causes flu-like
the nose, the bronchi, and the sto
make you feel ill. symptoms. The virus attacks the
body immune cells. They become
White blood cells help to defend
Viruses live and reproduce inside your cells, causing badly damaged, and cannot deal
against pathogens by ingesting th
cell damage. with infections or cancer. It is
making antibodies and antitoxins
spread by sexual contact, or
Pathogens can be spread by direct contact, by air or exchange of body fluid.
Plants have cellulose cell walls, to
by water. cuticles, and layers of bark to defe
Measles virus is spread by droplet
from microorganisms. Plants can
The spread of disease can be prevented by simple infection. It causes fever and a rash;
(chemical defence), thorns, hairs,
hygiene measures, by destroying vectors, by it can be fatal. There is no cure,
mechanical adaptions to trick ani
isolation of infected individuals, and by vaccination. however, spread can be prevented
eating it.
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