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GCSE AQA 9-1 Physics Electricity topic summary
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A summary of the key concepts of the electricity chapter in the Physics specification
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Current is the flow of electrical The National Grid is a Energy transferred = Charge × potejoules coulombs
charge. system of cables and
transformers linking
The Greater the rate of flow of power stations to Potential difference = curre
volts ampe
charge, the greater amount of consumers
current in the circuit. Energy transferred
Step up transformers increase the
joules
Current has the same value at Pd from the power station to the
any point in a circuit. national grid, step down
Charge flow =
transformers do the opposite. coulombs
The greater the resistance of the component the smaller the current
for a given potential difference (pd) across the component. AC is alternating current, which comes from
current continuously varies, from positive to
As resistance increases, current decreases . Electricity (charge changes direction).
DC, direct current, is the movement of charg
With a thermistor, the hotter it is, the lower the resistance. Series Circuits: direction only (Cells and batteries).
o Closed circuit.
With light dependant resistors, the greater the intensity of o Current only follows a single path, so it is the same everywhere
light, the lower the resistance, so the resistance is greatest o The current is the same everywhere.
when it is dark. o Total Resistance = 𝑅1 + 𝑅2.
Diode allows current to flow freely in one direction, so in the Parallel Circuits:
opposite direction, it has a very high resistance so no current o Branched circuit.
can flow. o Current splits into multiple paths, so it is shared.
o Total current into a junction = total current in each of the
Mains electricity is an AC supply. The UK mains has a Branches.
frequency of 50 Hz and about 230 V. o The potential difference is the same across each “branch”.
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