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GCSE 9-1 Physics Topic 3 Particle model of matter topic summary
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A topic summary of the GCSE 9-1 spec for the physics topic 3-particle model of matter.
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SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY: The amount of energy Change in thermal energy = mass × specific heat capacity × temrequired to raise the temperature of 1kg of a joules kg j/kg/°C
substance by 1°C. The higher the temperature,
Energy for a change of state = mass × sp
the greater the average kinetic joules kg
SPECIFIC LATENT HEAT: The amount of energy energy and so the faster the
needed to change the state of 1kg of a substance average speed of the Density
kg/m³
without a change in temperature. molecules.
When the molecules collide with the wall of their container they exert a for
SPECIFIC LATENT HEAT OF FUSION: The energy to The total force exerted by all of the molecules inside the container on a uni
melt/freeze.
walls is the gas pressure. Changing the temperature of a gas, held at consta
changes the pressure exerted by the gas (known as the Pressure law).
SPECIFIC LATENT HEAT OF VAPORISATION: The
energy to boil/condense. Particle model At A it is Solid. At B, reaches 0°C . From B to
of matter temperature change because the energy is
melting. From C to D it is in liquid state. Fro
water is boiling. This takes longer, because e
takes more energy. From E to F the gas is he
Density depends on
the spacing of the
atoms in matter.
Solids and liquids
have similar
densities, whereas
gases have a lower
density.
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