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Summary The Facial Nerve (CN VII)
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This is a summary of the anatomy and functions associated with the Facial Nerve (CN VII)
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The Facial Nerve (CN VII) The facial nerve innervates structures that are derivatives of the second
pharyngeal arch
Its functions include:
Motor – acts to innervate the muscles of facial expression, the posterior belly
of digastric, the stylohyoid and the stapedius muscles
Special sensory – provides taste sensation to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue
Parasympathetic – supplies many glands located in the head and neck
including: submandibular, sublingual, nasal, palatine, lacrimal and pharyngeal
glands
Anatomical course:
Anatomically, the facial nerve can be split into to pathways:
1. Intracranial – through the cranial cavity and cranium
2. Extracranial – outside the cranium, through the face and neck
Intracranial course –
The facial nerve starts at the pons (facial nucleus) and begins as two roots: a
large motor root, and a small sensory root (also known as the intermediate
nerve)
Both roots pass through the internal acoustic meatus in the petrous part of
the temporal bone, here they are very close to the inner ear
Within the temporal bone, the roots pass out of the internal acoustic meatus
and enter the facial canal
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