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assingnment of organic
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ASSIGNMENT OF ORGANICNAME:
ANOSH ALI
ROLL NO:
BPD0223217
GROUP NO :
06
SUBMITTED TO:
SIR AZEEM SAB
, FREE RADICAL SCAVENGERS
What are Free Radicals:
A free radical is termed to the molecular kinds
which can contain an unpaired electron in their atomic orbital and can exist
independently.
All the radicals share some common properties due to the unpaired
electron.
Generally, molecules bear bonding electron pairs and lone pairs a non-
bonding electron pair or un-shared electron pair. Each bonding or non-
bonding electron pair has two electrons which are in opposite spin
orientation, +1/2 and -1/2 in one orbital based on Pauli’s exclusion
principle, whereas an unpaired electron is a single electron, alone in one
orbital. A molecule that has an unpaired electron is called a free radical and
is a para magnetic species.
Properties of Free Radicals:
Free radicals are unique and rare species and are present only under
special and limited conditions. However, some free radicals are
familiar to us in our lives.
Molecular oxygen is a typical free radical a bi radical species.
Standard and stable molecular oxygen is in triplet state and the two
unpaired electrons have the same spin orientation in two orbitals
respectively, having the same orbital energy based on Hund’s rule.
Nitrogen monoxide and nitrogen dioxide are also stable, free radial
species. Moreover, the reactive species involved in immunity are
oxygen free radicals, such as super oxide anion radical and singlet
molecular oxygen.
So free radicals are very familiar to us in our lives and are very
important chemicals.
Free radicals are highly reactive and very unstable. They can donate
an electron or accept an electron from other molecules, therefore,
can behave as oxidants or reactants.
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