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unit 12 supporting individuals with additional needs AimB
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level 3 health and social care unit 12 supporting individuals with additional needs aim B assignment
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Leah LunnUnit 12B
Supporting individuals with additional needs.
Examine how to overcome the challenges to daily living faced by people with additional
needs.
Medical and social models of disability.
There are two models of disability
-The medical model, which looks at a person's impairment and tries to treat it with
medication and other specialist interventions, such as surgery.
-The social model which was devised by disabled people for disabled people and
views disability as being caused by the way society is organised. It aims to find ways
of removing barriers that restrict life choices for disabled people so that they can live
independently. For example, this may mean installing a lift that meets accessibility
standards so everyone can access a building without having to ask for assistance.
Please see medical and social model of disability booklets
Understanding of disability and dependency as a social construct
B.p2 explains how disability can be viewed as a social construct,
In the past, people with a specific impairment or additional needs have been treated as disabled
and expected to be dependent on others to fulfil their daily living activities and social needs:
However, in recent years this has come to be seen as a Social construct. The social model of
disability. which was devised by people with disabilities, proposes that society should not view
individuals as disabled but that there should be mechanisms in place for people with specific
needs to feel equal to people who do not have those needs and able to live their lives
independently, without relying on family, friends or carers to assist them with daily living tasks.
The Equality 'Act 2010 (revised and updated in 2015) is a legal framework to protect the rights
of all individuals and advance equality of opportunity for all..
Definitions of disability, disablement and impairment
Disability is a physical or mental condition that limits a person’s movement, senses or activities.
Disablement is the state of being disabled or the experience of becoming disabled.
Discrimination is the unjust or prejudicial treatment of different categories of people, especially
on the ground of race, age, sex or disablity.
Impairment is when a person loses a function of any part of their body, whether
physical or mental.
Minimising environmental and social challenges
Public buildings
Planning practice guidance, accessible from the government website, sets out conditions.
, Leah Lunn
of good practice for making buildings accessible for everyone regardless of their age
gender or disability. The document explains the purpose in making areas of movement
inclusive, enabling everyone to move throughout a building without any barriers.
Consideration is given to older people's needs, to families with children in pushchairs,
carers, and friends and relatives of people with disabilities. The guidance includes
details about steps, the width of toilets and making lifts wide enough for people using
a wheelchair. Access ramps should be at the main entrance. Design considerations are
given to issues such as the height of hand basins, to make them accessible for children.
Baby changing facilities are positioned in areas accessible to both men and women.
Public transport
In 2004, the Department for Transport (DfT) introduced a policy to help promote
social inclusion by tackling accessibility problems, including the provision of guidance
to and support for local transport. The Centre for Research in Social Policy produced a
report in 2012, 'Accessibility Planning Policy: Evaluation and Future Directions', about the
concerns of transport organisations in trying to provide full physical accessibility and
availability. The report identified some important barriers to access, which could have
a serious impact on an individual's lifestyle in terms of educational and employment
opportunities. These barriers included the availability and physical accessibility of
transport, its cost, where services operated (especially in terms of inaccessible places)
and concerns about safety and security when travelling. Additionally, for some there
is an unwillingness, or lack of confidence, about travelling, which could lead to social
isolation. Local transport planners are responsible for provision and cuts to budgets
have had a significant impact on transport funding.
Minimising barriers
Ramps
Part M of the Building Regulations 2010 sets out the legal requirements for accessibility
to buildings for people who use a wheelchair. The regulations inform all businesses,
regardless of size, about how to make reasonable adjustments in accordance with
the Equality Act 2010, to help all people, whether employees or visitors, access and
use their buildings. The regulations also cover access to toilets (sanitary provision) for
people in wheelchairs, and access to lifts.
Translation
The Uk is a multi- ethnic society and English may be a second language for some
people: Many organisations, including local authority organisations, offer information
ha language other than English. Social services employ interpreters, and private
interpreters may be used by law firms, doctors and schools to ensure everyone can
access the information and advice they need.
Information in large print and braille
people with a visual impairment can request information printed in larger size, or in
Braille. This may not be readily available, but will usually be provided if requested
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