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Summary Ieb Organic Chemistry Notes
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Summary of 13 pages for the course Physical Sciences at 12th Grade (Organic Chemistry)
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Organic ChemistryOrganic Molecules:
Molecules containing carbon atoms with the exception of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, diamond, graphite,
carbonates, carbides and cyanides
Functional Group:
An atom or a group of atoms that form the centre of chemical activity in a molecule
E.g. Carbon bonded to
oh (alcohols)
br (alkyl halides)
c (another carbon with double bond – alkenes)
Hydrocarbon:
A compound containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms
Homologous Series:
A series of similar compounds which have the same functional group and have the same general formula, in which
each member differs from the previous one by a single CH2 unit
Prefixes in organic nomenclature (naming)
1. Mono
2. Di
3. Tri
4. Tetra
5. Penta
6. Hexa
7. Hepta
8. Octa
Root name in organic nomenclature (naming)
1. Meth
2. Eth
3. Prop
4. But
5. Pent
6. Hex
7. Hept
8. Oct
Formula
Alkanes
Cn H2n+2
E.g. C2H6 and C3H8
Alkenes
Cn H2n
E.g. C2H4 and C3H6
, Isomers:
Compounds having the same molecular formula but different structural formula
ISOMERS WILL HAVE DIFFERENT NAMES
3 Types:
Positional Isomers
The functional group is in different location
E.g. But-1-ene and But-2-ene
Chain Isomers
The longest continuous carbon chain is a different length
E.g. butane and methylpropane
Functional Isomers
The molecules have different functional groups
E.g. Carboxylic acid and esters (ethanoic acid and methyl methanoate)
Alkanes VS Alkenes
Alkanes = Saturated
Alkenes = Unsaturated
To prepare Br2:
𝐾𝐵𝑟(𝑎𝑞) + 𝐶𝑙2 → 𝐾𝐶𝑙(𝑎𝑞) + 𝐵𝑟2
Propene
+ Br-Br → Faster (immediate)
Result:
Type of Reaction:
Addition reaction or Halogenation
Alkyl halides or haloalkanes – homologous series – fast unsaturated
1,2-dibromopropane
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