positive energy balance Correct Answer:- more calories consumed than expended
negative energy balance Correct Answer:- fewer calories consumed than expended
hyperplasia Correct Answer:- increase in number of cells (e.g., fat cells in childhood, pregnancy)
hypertrophy Correct Answer:...
BIOD 121 Portage module 3 study guide
2021/2022
positive energy balance Correct Answer:- more calories consumed than expended
negative energy balance Correct Answer:- fewer calories consumed than expended
hyperplasia Correct Answer:- increase in number of cells (e.g., fat cells in childhood,
pregnancy)
hypertrophy Correct Answer:- increase in cell size (low growth and maintenance, such
as throughout adulthood)
basal metabolic rate Correct Answer:- the number of calories used by the body while in
a fasting state
accounts for approximately 60-70% of energy expenditure
males 1kcal/kg/hr, femals 0.9kcal/kg/hr
BMR Effectors Correct Answer:- gender, lean body mass, body size, temperature, age,
nervous system activity, levels of caffeine intake, and tobacco use
age and BMR Correct Answer:- declines by 1-2% per decade
Thermic effect of food (TEF) Correct Answer:- energy used for digestion and
absorption of food and accounts for approximately 10% of the calories expended
Thermogenesis Correct Answer:- ability to regulate body temperature and activities
such as fidgeting, maintaining body posture, and shivering
small expenditure
brown fat Correct Answer:- found in infants below the collar bone
metabolizes the energy yielding nutrients, which results in heat production to be used by
the body
more brown fat in lean adults
physical activity Correct Answer:- 15-40% of energy expenditure
direct calorimetry Correct Answer:- measures the amount of heat given off by the body
insulated chamber surrounded by a thin layer of water is used to measure the amount of
heat emitted by the subject in the chamber
indirect calorimetry Correct Answer:- uses oxygen intake and carbon dioxide output,
along with scientific formulas, to measure energy expended
, Male BMR formula Correct Answer:- 66 + (6.23 x weight in pounds) + (12.7 x height in
inches) - (6.8 x age)
Female BMR formula Correct Answer:- 655 + (4.35 x weight in pounds) + (4.7 x height
in inches) - (4.7 x age)
Physical activity estimate Correct Answer:- 1.2 = little to no exercise
1.375 = light exercise 1-3 days per week
1.55 = moderate exercise 3-5 days per week
1.725 = hard exercise 6-7 days per week
1.9 = hard daily exercise/job
Male EER Correct Answer:- 662 - (9.53 x AGE) + PA x (15.91 x WT + 539.6 x HT)
Female EER Correct Answer:- 354 - (6.91 x AGE) + PA x (9.36 x WT + 726 x HT)
height-to-weight tables Correct Answer:- used in an attempt to link longevity to a
person's weight as based on their height
used for the general population but did not take into account individual differences
"healthy weight" Correct Answer:- preferred term (over ideal/desirable)
BMI Correct Answer:- improved measure of body fat relative to one's height and weight
weight (kg) / height2 (meters)
not accurate for children, teens, pregnant or breast-feeding moms, short statute adults,
very muscular individuals, and the elderly
desired body fat Correct Answer:- male: 8-24%
female: 21-35%
android obesity Correct Answer:- "apple"
excess body fat that is placed predominantly within the abdomen and upper body, as
opposed to the hips and thighs
-linked to high blood testosterone levels and an increased risk of diabetes and
hypertension
-Alcohol consumption, smoking, and a diet with a high glycemic load also contribute to
this form of obesity
gynoid obesity Correct Answer:- "pear"
obesity pattern seen in people who store fat primarily around the hips and thighs
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