Exam (elaborations)
TNCC Written Exam 2022
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Exam of 7 pages for the course TNCC at TNCC (TNCC Written Exam)
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TNCC Written ExamWhat is the best measure of the adequacy of cellular perfusion and helps predict the outcome of
resuscitation? Correct Answer: Base deficit used in conjunction with serum lactate
Will hypocapnia cause vasoconstriction or vasodilation, especially in the cerebral vasculature?
Correct Answer: Vasoconstriction
What results from tissue hypo perfusion and oxygen deficit? Correct Answer: Metabolic
acidosis
What type of shock results in generalized vasodilation? Correct Answer: Neurogenic shock
Spinal cord injuries at C3-C5 causes loss of what nerves function, resulting in what? Correct
Answer: Phrenic nerve; paralyzed diaphragm and inability to breath
Extremity elevation AT the level of the heart is beneficial for what type of injury? Correct
Answer: Compartment Syndrome
What is a high risk of frostbite? Correct Answer: Thrombus formation
What two medications can be administered to maintain perfusion after a frostbite injury along
with rewarming? Correct Answer: Tissue plasminogen activator or non steroidal anti-
inflammatory medication (NSAIDS)
An rise in diastolic blood pressures is a sign of increasing what? Correct Answer: Peripheral
resistance
What position will benefit the airway and work of breathing for the bariatric patient? Correct
Answer: Reverse Trendelenburg
Which phase of a blast results from flying debris, projectiles, and bomb fragments causing
lacerations or penetrating injuries? Correct Answer: Secondary Phase
What phase of a blast results from any explosion-related illness or injury including
hyperglycemia, hypertension, angina, asthma, COPD, or sepsis? Correct Answer: Quaternary
Phase
What phase of a blast results from individuals being thrown by the blast and impacting walls,
ground, or any hard object? Correct Answer: Tertiary Phase
What phase of a blast results from impact of the over and under pressurization wave with body
surfaces. Injuries include blast lung, tympanic membrane rupture, abdominal hemorrhage, globe
rupture, and mild traumatic brain injury? Correct Answer: Primary Phase
, Signs of what include muscle pain or weakness, dark red or brown urine, general weakness or
malaise, and elevated creatinine kinase levels? Correct Answer: Rhabdomyolosis
Signs of what include anxiety, pleuritic chest pain, dyspnea, hypoxemia, hemoptysis, cough,
orthopnea, adventitious lung sounds, decreased lung sounds, jugular vein distention, or
hypotension? Correct Answer: Pulmonary Embolus
Signs of what include headache, nausea and vomiting, amnesia, behavioral changes, altered level
of consciousness? Correct Answer: Increased intracranial pressure
Signs of what include asymmetric pupillary reactivity, unilateral dilation, widening pulse
pressure, abnormal motor posturing, bradycardia, and decreased respiratory effort? Correct
Answer: Late signs of increased ICP with Herniation Syndrome
What is caused by the tear of the bridging veins or middle meningeal artery? Correct Answer:
Subdural and Epidural Hematoma
Affect concentration, memory, sleep, mode, and libido. Causes headaches, dizziness and nausea.
Correct Answer: Postconcussive Syndrome/ Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Signs and symptoms similar to early signs of increased ICP but do not worsen. Correct Answer:
Postconcussive Syndrome/ Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Cerebral Perfusion Pressure = ______-______ Correct Answer: MAP - ICP
What is the range for CO2 to maximize perfusion? Correct Answer: 35-45
Does hypoventilation cause dilation or constriction? Increase or decrease ICP? Correct Answer:
Dilation and increase in ICP due to high CO2
Hyperventilation cause dilation or constriction? Correct Answer: Constriction d/t low CO2
Pupils with pressure on cranial nerve Correct Answer: Fixed and dilated
Pupils with opiates vs stimulants Correct Answer: small; large
Pupils with anticholinergics such as atropine, ipratropium, and scopolamine Correct Answer:
large
Sluggish reaction of pupils is an early sign of what? Correct Answer: Increasing ICP
Glasgow Coma Score with Mild, Moderate, and Severe TBI Correct Answer: Mild = 13-15
Moderate = 9-12
Severe = 3-8
Goal value for ICP Correct Answer: <15
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