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PATHO 370 Chapter Q & A (Chapter 1,2,4,7,10,13,14,15,16,18,19,20,22,23,24,25) Q & A , Verified And Correct Answers, West Coast University$25.49
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CH 1, 2, 4, 7
Question 1
After bronchoscopy and histologic examination of a suspected tumor, your patient is diagnosed with
primary bronchial carcinoma. Thus, the tumor
Correct Answer: a. is malignant.
Response Bronchial carcinoma is a malignant cancer of the epithelial lining of the bronchi.
Feedback: Carcinoma refers to a malignant tumor. Primary indicates that the cancer began in the
lungs and did not metastasize from another site. A staging procedure must be done
before knowing if the lung cancer has spread.
Question 2
Breast cancer in women who have the breast cancer gene
Correct Answer: d. occurs at an earlier
age.
Response The age of onset of inherited breast cancer is earlier than the onset of non-inherited
Feedback: forms and the prevalence of bilateral breast cancer is higher. Breast cancer in women
who have the breast cancer gene is less common (only 5% to 10% of all cases) than non-
inherited breast cancer and is more likely to be bilateral. Response to treatment is not
affected by whether the cancer gene is present.
Question 3
Persistence of the alarm stage will ultimately result in
Correct Answer: c. permanent damage and death.
Response If the alarm stage were to persist, the body would soon suffer undue wear and tear and
Feedback: become subject to permanent damage and even death. Actions taken by the individual
during the resistance stage lead to stress reduction. The resistance stage may or may not
occur following the alarm stage, based on resource availability. The sympathetic nervous
system will continue to function, resulting in continued release of stress hormones.
Question 4
The primary adaptive purpose of the substances produced in the alarm stage is
Correct Answer: c. energy and repair.
Response These resources are used for energy and as building blocks, especially the amino acids,
Feedback: for the later growth and repair of the organism. The substances do not produce a resting
state. The substances can produce exhaustion if they continue, but that is not the
adaptive purpose of these. Although a new baseline steady-state may result from the
stress response that is not the adaptive purpose of the substances produced during the
alarm stage.
Question 5
Allostasis is best defined as
Correct c. the overall process of adaptive change necessary to maintain survival and well-
, Answer: being.
Response Allostasis refers to the overall process of adaptive change necessary to maintain
Feedback: survival and well-being.
Question 6
Familial retinoblastoma involves the transmission of what from parent to offspring?
Correct Answer: b. Mutant tumor-suppressor gene
Response Familial retinoblastoma involves transmission of a mutant tumor-suppressor gene from
Feedback: parent to child. Familial retinoblastoma is not caused by a virus and does not involve an
extra chromosome, but rather a single gene. Familial retinoblastoma is caused by a
mutant tumor-suppressor gene, not an oncogene, which is a mutated proto-oncogene.
Question 7
Cancer grading is based on
Correct Answer: a. cell differentiation.
Response Grading refers to the histologic characterization of tumor cells and is basically a
Feedback: determination of the degree of anaplasia (lack of differentiation). The other answer
options are associated with tumor staging.
Question 8
Somatic death refers to death
Correct Answer: b. of the entire organism.
Response Somatic death refers to death of an entire organism. Somatic death is not simply death
Feedback: of one body organ. Somatic death involves death of all cells in the body. Brain death
refers to death of the brain only, but organ systems can remain living with mechanical
assistance.
Question 9
The effects of excessive cortisol production include
Correct Answer: d. immune
suppression.
Response Cortisol suppresses immune function and inflammation and stimulates appetite.
Feedback: Cortisol leads to hyperglycemia by stimulating gluconeogenesis in the liver.
Question 10
A 17-year-old college-bound student receives a vaccine against an organism that causes meningitis. This
is an example of
Correct Answer: b. primary
prevention.
, Response Primary prevention is prevention of disease by altering susceptibility or reducing
Feedback: exposure for susceptible individuals by providing vaccination. Secondary prevention is
the early detection, screening, and management of the disease. Tertiary prevention
includes rehabilitative and supportive care and attempts to alleviate disability and restore
effective functioning. Disease treatment involves management of the disease once it has
developed.
Question 11
0.125 out of 0.125 points
The stage during which the patient functions normally, although the disease processes are well
established, is referred to as
Correct Answer: a. subclinical.
Response The stage during which the patient functions normally, although the disease processes
Feedback: are well established, is called the subclinical stage. The interval between exposure of a
tissue to an injurious agent and the first appearance of signs and symptoms may be
called a latent period or, in the case of infectious diseases, an incubation period. The
prodromal period, or prodrome, refers to the appearance of the first signs and symptoms
indicating the onset of a disease. Convalescence is the stage of recovery after a disease,
injury, or surgical operation.
Question 12
0.125 out of 0.125 points
A disease that is native to a particular region is called
Correct Answer: b. endemic
.
Response A disease that is native to a particular region is called endemic. An epidemic is a
Feedback: disease that spreads to many individuals at the same time. Pandemics are epidemics
that affect large geographic regions, perhaps spreading worldwide.
Question 13
0.125 out of 0.125 points
Indicators that an individual is experiencing high stress include all the following except
Correct Answer: c. pupil constriction.
Response Pupils dilate during stress from the effects of catecholamines. Tachycardia,
Feedback: diaphoresis, and increased peripheral resistance are indicators of stress and also occur
because of catecholamine release.
Question 14
0.125 out of 0.125 points
Selye’s three phases of the stress response include all the following except
Correct Answer: d. allostasis
.
Response Allostasis is defined as the ability to successfully adapt to challenges. Allostasis
Feedback: may/may not occur in response to stress. Alarm, resistance, and exhaustion are the three
phases of the stress response as described by Selye in the general adaptation syndrome.
, Question 15
0 out of 0.125 points
Reperfusion injury to cells
Correct Answer: c. involves formation of free radicals.
Response Free radicals are formed when high-energy electrons partially reduce oxygen in
Feedback: reperfusion injury. Reperfusion injury usually causes more cell damage than the original
hypoxia. It results from calcium overload in the cells. Reperfusion injury results from
hypoxic injury, rather than from nutritional injury.
Question 16
When the cause is unknown, a condition is said to be idiopathic
Correct Answer: b. True
Response Feedback: Many diseases are idiopathic in nature.
Question 17
The cellular change that is considered preneoplastic is
Correct Answer: c. dysplasia.
Response Dysplastic cells have the potential to become cancerous and are therefore referred to
Feedback: as preneoplastic. Anaplasia, metaplasia, and hyperplasia are not considered
preneoplastic.
Question 18
A patient with metastatic lung cancer wants to know her chances for survival. Which response is correct?
Correct Answer: d. “Lung cancer has about a 15% survival rate.”
Response Lung cancer has a 15% survival rate. Lung cancer is not always fatal, but is not highly
Feedback: curable at any stage of diagnosis . The death rate from lung cancer has increased
dramatically.
Question 19
All these cellular responses are potentially reversible except
Correct Answer: a. necrosis
.
Response Necrosis refers to death of cells/tissue and is not reversible. Metaplasia refers to the
Feedback: replacement of one differentiated cell type with another from persistent injury and is
reversible when the injury stops. Atrophy occurs because of lack of use of an organ and
is reversible. Hyperplasia is an increase in the number of cells from increased
physiologic demands or hormonal stimulation and is reversible.
Question 20
An increase in organ size and function caused by increased workload is termed
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