WGU C785 Final Exam Questions & Answers All Graded
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Course
BioChem C785
Institution
Western Governors University
WGU C785 Final Exam Questions & Answers All Graded-What is the basic structure of an amino acid? What do they look like?
- amino group (NH2 or NH3), carboxyl group (COO or COOH), alpha carbon (C), and variable group
How do you identify the 3 different types of side chains: non-polar/hydrophobi...
wgu c785 final exam questions amp answers all graded
what do they look like amino group nh2 or nh3
carboxyl group coo or cooh
alpha carbon c
and variable group how do you identify the
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WGU C785 Final Exam Questions & Answers All Graded
What is the basic structure of an amino acid? What do they look like?
- amino group (NH2 or NH3), carboxyl group (COO or COOH), alpha carbon (C),
and variable group
How do you identify the 3 different types of side chains: non-polar/hydrophobic,
polar, and charged?
- Non-polar/hydrophobic - end with CH or "can't have" water. Polar - end with OH,
SH, or NH. Charged - end with a charge
what kinds of bonds do each of the 3 different types of side chains make?
- ionic, hydrophobic/non-polar, charged
What are the 4 levels of protein structure?
- Primary - linear structure, Secondary - Folded into helix or pleated sheet caused by
hydrogen bonding, tertiary - 3D structure caused by side chain interactions, quaternary
- 1+ amino acid chains combine = multiple subunits MUST have 1+ subunit
What enviormental change breaks each type of bond?
- hydrophobic - temperature change, ionic - salt or decreased pH, hydrogen -
temperature, change in pH, disulfide - reducing agents
what type of amino acid side chain leads to protein aggregration?
- hydrophobic bonds
how do environmental changes affect protein folding?
- Extreme temp can cause hydrogen bonds to break apart = malformation of protein
folding
how do mutations affect protein structure?
- Can cause structure to change. Protein loses form = loses function. May form a
different protein.
What is an electron?
- Negatively charged atom on outer ring for bonding
What is energy:
- Power derived fro chemical interaction
what are covalent bonds?
,- chemical bond, atoms share 1+ valence electrons
what is an ionic bond?
- bond between positive and negative
what is a hydrogen bond?
- weak bond between positive and negative
with an amino?
- piece of amino acid, NH2 or NH3
what is a carboyxl?
- piece of amino acid, COO or COOH
What is hydrophobic?
- Doesn't like water, end with CH
what is hydrophilic?
- Water Lovering, end with OH, NH, or SH
what is disulfide bond?
- strongest bond between reduction agents, formed between SH's.
what are zwitterions?
- amino with positive and negative charges = overall charge of zero
what is a polypeptide
- polymer of amino acids
What is dehydration synthesis?
- Process of forming peptide bonds
what is hydrolysis?
- adding water to destroy bonds
what is an alpha helix?
- twisted secondary structure, formed by hydrogen bonds
what is a beta sheet?
- folded second structure shape, formed by hydrogen bonds
, what is denaturation?
- loss of shape duet o interruption of chemical bonds; occurs via extreme salt, temp,
pH
what is aggregation?
- clumping of inner or outer cellular proteins caused by misfolded proteins leading to
diseases such as Alzheimers, ALS, Parkinson's
how do enzymes catalyze reactions?
- bind with substrates to decrease activation energy required and decrease reaction rate
how do enzymes affect reaction rate and activation energy?
- decrease activation energy and decrease reaction rate
what are the 4 steps of the enzymatic cycle?
- enzyme recognizes substrate, substrate attracts the enzyme; enzyme-substrate
complex is formed; enzyme-product complex formed; product is released, enzyme
recycled
how do environmental changes affect enzymes?
- High heat, pH change, high salt concentration, and reducing agents can cause an
enzyme to lose its form/lose function
what is a competitive inhibitor?
- Mimics substrate and takes its place on the active binding site
what is a noncompetitive inhibitor?
- Binds to allosteric site causing active site to change shape = preventing substrate
from binding with enzyme
what molecules increase/build up or decrease given a specific inhibitor?
A -> (enzyme 1) -> B -> (enzyme 2) -> C -> (enzyme 3) -> D. Pretend Enzyme 2 is
inhibited. - Inhibitor would cause a build up for product B, decrease product C.
Enzyme 3 and product D would not be created.
what is substrate?
- the substance on which an enzyme acts
what is a product?
- result of a reaction
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