IB Biology SL/HL Complete Notes for Chapter 3.2 (Chromosomes)
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Course
Biology
Institution
Fifth Year / 11th Grade
Book
Biology Higher Level
The notes for chapter 3.2 are written based on the IB Biology SL/HL Syllabus pointers. Complete with elaborated explanations and examples. These are the notes of a 7/7 achiever.
Study Guide for Unit 2 Molecular Biology of IB Bio SL
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Prokaryotes have one chromosome consisting of a circular DNA moi only have one e
not present in pairsbecause prokaryotes only have one parent whichdivides bybinary
fission
some prokaryotes have plasmids but eukaryotes don't
plasmid small loops of DNA that r extra copies of some of the genetic material
of the organism these small circularDNAmoi arenot connected to the main
bacterial chromosome they replicate independently of the chromosomal DNA
canbeusedin geneticengineering
Plasmid DNA is not required by the cell undernormal circumstances but itmayhelpthe
cell to adapt to unusual circumstances
D Eukaryote chromosomes
DNAoccurs in this form
Chromosomes carry into necessary for the cell to exist t survive
DNA geneticmaterial enables certain trait to be passed on to the next generation
tostrandsofDNA histories
whencell is not dividing it appears as chromatin notchromosomes
same as Ch 7
nucleosome consists of 2 molecules of each of 4 diff histories further explanation
all cells of an indiv
D Multiple chromosomes contain an identical set
of DNA what
diff rentiated
eachcellisthe
genes tht r switchedon
only have a loft relatedtowrapping
DNA of sections of DNA
by histones
most eukaryotes have multiple pairs of chromosomes each chromosome will carry
a diff set of instructions for the cell
, Homologous chromosomes the same genes butnot always the same alleles
humans have 46 Chromosomes123 pairs of chromo called homologous chromo
length
homologous similar in shape e size 4the 2 chromosomes carry the samesequence
frommothere of
roone
onefromfather genes in the same locations but not necessarily the
samealleles of thosegenes
same genes but the diff coloured bands onshort armsof
each chromo Snow tht they don'tcarry thesameallele of
the gene at the locusshown
AfterDNA replication thereare 2 copies ofeachchromo
I dad1mom
1 homologous pair dad's112 and mom's x 2
homo pair ofchromo in the
Diploid and haploid cells
Diploid nucleushas chromosomes organized into
pairs of homologous chromosomes
2n
somatic1bodycells
produced bymitosis
homologous
Chromosomes inpairs
Haploid cells
theyhave one chromosome
n chromosomes r not in pairs yo of eachpair
gametesIsexcells humans n 23 a male bee wasp4 ant cells r haploid
produced by meiosis
Chromosome number a defining feature
someppl can beborn w chromosomes missing or WI extra chromosomes f etc
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