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BIOL 235 Study Guide – Final Exam
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BIOL 235 Study Guide – Final ExamChapter 19
The Cardiovascular System: The
Blood
1. Describe the functions of blood.
A. blood
B. interstitial fluid
C. functions of blood
2. Describe the physical characteristics and principal
components of blood.
A. physical characteristics of blood
3. List the major components of plasma and explain their
importance.
A. components of blood
I. buffy coat
II. plasma
a. plasma proteins
b. albumins
c. globulins
d. fibrinogen
e. antibodies or immunoglobulins
, III. formed elements
a. red blood cells (RBCs)
b. white blood cells (WBCs)
c. platelets
IV. hematocrit
V. polycythemia
4. Explain the origin of blood cells.
A. formation of blood cells
I. hemopoiesis or hematopoiesis
II. red bone marrow
III. pluripotent stem cells
IV. progenitor cells
V. precursor cells or blasts
VI. hemopoietic growth factors
VII. erythropoietin or EPO
VIII. thrombopoietin or TPO
IX. cytokines
X. colony stimulating factors (CSFs)
XI. interleukins
5. Describe the structure, functions, life cycle and production of
red blood cells.
, A. red blood cells or erythrocytes
I. hemoglobin
II. RBC anatomy
III. RBC physiology
a. globin
b. heme
c. nitric oxide (NO)
IV. RBC life cycle
a. transferrin
b. ferritin
c. bilirubin
V. erythropoiesis
VI. reticulocyte
VII. hypoxia
6. Describe the structure, functions and production of white
blood cells.
A. white blood cells or leukocytes
I. granular leukocytes
a. eosinophil
b. basophil
c. neutrophil
, II. agranular leukocytes
a. lymphocyte
b. monocyte
c. macrophage
d. fixed macrophage
e. wandering macrophage
f. major histocompatibility (MHC) antigens
III. WBC physiology
a. leukocytosis
b. leukopenia
c. emigration (diapedesis)
d. phagocytosis
e. chemotaxis
f. lysozyme
g. differential white blood cell count
7. Describe the structure, function and origin of platelets.
A. platelets or thrombocytes
I. platelets
II. megakaryoblast
III. fixed macrophages
IV. complete blood count
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