Contains summarized must know in trematodes. Blood flukes. Table summaries. Common characteristics of trematodes, developmental stages, life cycles, diagnostic tests, 1st and 2nd intermediate hosts, as well as pictures of the stages of trematodes.
Must Know in Cestodes (Tapeworms): Clinical Parasitology
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Clinical Parasitology
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TREMATODES / FLUKES FLATWORMS
GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS:
With oral suckers and ventral suckers (acetabulum)
Body is covered by an integument which often bears spines, tubercles
No body cavity, circulatory and respiratory organ
SEE NOTES FOR SUMMARY OF FLUKES
BLOOD FLUKES
(They are homoxenous)
Common Characteristics of BLOOD FLUKES:
Non- hermaphroditic/ Dioecious
The body of adult worm is not leaf like.
o Male worms are shorter & robust; females are longer & slender
o Both male & female are provided with oral & ventral suckers
o Males are provided with Gynecophoric canal – used by male worms to carry female during copulation
Adult worms produce non-operculated eggs.
They require only one intermediate and one definitive host
Infective stage is Cercaria – it is a larva equipped with mouth, GIT & tail. Tail is always “FORKED”
The mode of transmission is through skin penetration. Entry of their cercaria to human skin can lead to
infection called SCHISTOSOMIASIS/BILHARZIASIS
S. japonicum S. mansoni S. haematobium
SPECIFIC HABITAT Superior mesenteric Interior mesenteric veins Vesical veins or veins
veins or veins draining rectum draining the urinary
bladder
SPX for DIAGNOSIS STOOL URINE
INTEGUMENT smooth w/ coarse tuberculations w/ fine tuberculations
# OF TESTES IN MALES 6-8 8-9 4-5
# OF EGGS IN UTERUS 50-100 1-4 20-30
Genus of SNAIL Oncomelania quadrasi Biomphalaria, Planorbis, Bulinus, Physopsis
INTERMEDIATE HOST & Tropicorbis
EGGS / OVA Non -operculated w/ Non-operculated egg w/ Non-operculated w/
minute lateral spine. distinct lateral spine. distinct terminal spine.
Tissue or red cells maybe Measures 45-70x140- Measures 112-170x40-
adherent. 180um 70um
Size is 70-105x50-80um
, LARGEST ADULT BLOOD FLUKE S. japonicum
SMALLEST ADULT BLOOD FLUKE S. mansoni
ADULT BLOOD FLUKES
TREMATODES / BLOOD FLUKES DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES IN GENERAL
EGG → LARVA → ADULT (male/female)
Eggs are always NON OPERUCLATED
Adult worms are always DIOECIOUS / NON-HERMAPHRODITIC
Miracidium yung lumalangoy sa snail to look for a snail host / Penetrates the snail
Cercaria yung naghahanap ng man host; and since may buntot sya, ito yung umaalis ng snail’s body
Fork tailed cercaria
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