100% satisfaction guarantee Immediately available after payment Both online and in PDF No strings attached
Previously searched by you
Chamberlain College of Nursing: BIOS 255 Final Exam Study Guide (Latest - 2022) / BIOS255 Final Exam Review / BIOS 255 A & P III Final Exam Study Guide: Anatomy and Physiology III with Lab | Complete and Latest Guide |$15.49
Add to cart
Chamberlain College of Nursing: BIOS 255 Final Exam Study Guide (Latest - 2022) / BIOS255 Final Exam Review / BIOS 255 A & P III Final Exam Study Guide: Anatomy and Physiology III with Lab | Complete and Latest Guide |
9 views 0 purchase
Course
Chamberlain College of Nursing: BIOS255
Institution
Chamberlain College Of Nursing: BIOS255
Chamberlain College of Nursing: BIOS 255 Final Exam Study Guide (Latest - 2022) / BIOS255 Final Exam Review / BIOS 255 A & P III Final Exam Study Guide: Anatomy and Physiology III with Lab | Complete and Latest Guide |
Chamberlain College of Nursing: BIOS 255 Week 8 Final Exam Study Guide (Latest ...
chamberlain college of nursing bios 255 final exam study guide latest 2022 bios255 final exam review bios 255 a amp p iii final exam study guide anatomy and physiology iii with lab | compl
Written for
Chamberlain College of Nursing: BIOS255
All documents for this subject (8)
Seller
Follow
chamberlain_university
Reviews received
Content preview
1
BIOS 255 A&P III Final Exam Study Guide
Chapter 19
Blood
• Formed Elements
o RBCs
o WBCs
o Platelets
• Hemoglobin –
o Protein, which is used to carry O2 to tissue and approximately 20% of
CO2 back to the lungs.
o Each Hemoglobin molecule can contain 4 “Heme” (iron) Ions which
allow each hemoglobin molecule to bind with up to 4 O2 molecules.
o Nitric Acid (NO) can bind to Hemoglobin, when released triggers
Vasodilation. Increases Blood flow.
• Centrifuge of Blood
o Top – Plasma – 55%
o Middle (BUFFY COAT) – Platelets & WBC
o Bottom – RBC – 45%
• Functions of Blood
o Transportation
▪ O2
▪ CO2
▪ Hormones (from Endocrine Glands)
▪ Heat
▪ Waste (for Elimination)
▪ Nutrients (from GI Tract)
o Protection
▪ Immune Response (WBC)
• Macrophages (Phagocytosis)
• Globulin
▪ Blood Clotting – Fibrinogen - Hemostasis
▪ Against Disease
• Antibodies
• Interferons
• Complement System
o Regulation
▪ PH (Buffers)
• HCO3 –Bicarb Buffer
• H+ - - Hydrogen
▪ Body Temp
▪ Osmotic Pressure
▪ H2O content of cells.
• Hemopoiesis – Production of ALL blood cells.
Erythrocytes – RBCs
▪ Transport of O2 & CO2
, 2
▪ No Nucleus
▪ No Organelles (Once mature)
▪ Biconcave Disk
▪ Live for Days/weeks
• Dead RBC go to the Liver/Spleen ->Macrophages break
down (recycle)-> Heme & Globulin -> Iron (from
Heme) & Amino Acids (from Globulin)
o Erythropoiesis – Production of RBC
▪ Occurs in Red Bone Marrow
• Produces Reticulocytes (immature RBC) which
circulate in blood for 1-2 days before maturing into
RBC
o Erythropoietin – A hormone releases by the Kidneys in response to
Hypoxia (low O2 levels) to stimulate Erythropoiesis.
o Hematocrit - % of total blood occupied by RBC.
▪ 42% in Women
▪ 47% in Men
• Anemia – Low RBC count
• Polycythemia – High RBC count
o Increased Viscosity
o Increased Resistance
o Decreased Flow
Carbonic Anhydrase (CA)
o Enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of CO2 and H2O to Carbonic
Acid
o Carbonic Acid then dissociates into H+ and HCO3 (reversible reaction)
o Reaction allows up to 80% of CO2 to be transported in blood plasma to
the lungs as HCO3-
o Reaction also serves as a buffer in extracellular fluid
CO2+H2O→H2CO3 (Carbonic Acid)→ H+ + HCO3- (Bicarbonate Ions)
Leukocytes – WBC
o Has a Nucleus
o Has Organelles
o No Hemoglobin
o Can live for years
WBC Function
Granular Neutrophil Phagocytosis
, 3
Eosinophil Combats Histamine,
Phagocytize antigen-antibody
complexes, Destroys certain
parasitic worms.
Basophil Liberates Heparin, and Serotonin
in allergic reactions that intensify
inflammatory response.
Agranular Lymphocytes B-Cells Develop into plasma cells which
secrete antibodies.
T-Cells Attack invading viruses, cancer
cells and transplant tissue.
Natural Killer (NK) Cells Attack a wide variety of
infectious microbes & certain
spontaneously arising tumors.
Agranular Monocytes Phagocytosis
• Emigration / Diapedesis
o Leukocytes leaving the blood to accumulate at the site of invasion
• Leukocytosis
o Normal response to stress which causes an increase in WBC
• Leukopenia
o Abnormally low levels of WBC caused by radiation, shock or
chemotherapy
Thrombocytes – Platelets
• Live for 5-9 Days
• Used for blood clotting
• Mature from Megakaryocytes in red bone marrow
• Thrombopoiesis – Platelet production
• Hemostasis – Prevent blood loss
o Vascular Spasm
▪ Contraction of smooth muscle in blood vessels to
close wound and prevent wound
• Lasts seconds to hours
o Platelet plug formation
o Blood clotting (Coagulation)
▪ Extrinsic Pathways
▪ Intrinsic Pathways
▪ Common Pathways
• Vitamin K – Required for synthesis of 4 different clotting factors
o Is fat soluble
• Clotting factors
, 4
o Calcium (Ca2) ions activate enzymes that are synthesized by
hepatocytes and released into the bloodstream.
o Molecules associated with platelets or released by damaged tissue
o Roman numerals from I-VIII (1-13)
• Plasmin (Fibrinolysin)
o Fibrinolysis is the process where small clots are dissolved
into the blood.
o Plasmin activates the inactive plasma enzyme, Plasminogen
which is incorporated into the clot when the clot is formed.
Plasma
o 90% water
o Proteins – made by Hepatocytes (Liver Cells)
o Albumin
▪ 54%
▪ Maintaining Osmotic Pressure
o Globulin
▪ 38%
▪ Pressure Immune response
o Fibrinogen
▪ 7%
▪ Clotting
o Solutes
o Electrolytes
o Nutrients
o Waste Products
o Gasses
o Regulatory Substances
o Antibodies
Blood Osmotic Pressure
o Influences the water content of cells, through interactions of dissolved
ions and proteins
Hormonal Regulation
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller chamberlain_university. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $15.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
