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Mitosis and Meiosis
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Lecture notes of 6 pages for the course Medicine at QUB (Genetics)
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MITOSIS t MEIOSISHuman DNA
Efficiently packed into compact units
called chromosomes in the nucleus
Most cells are diploidCexcept Ova and sperm with 23
pairs of Cnrs 44 autosomes t 2 sex Cnrs Xxl x 4
Chromosome abnormalities Cause of and
infertility
recurrent miscarriages
SO i of embryos that spontaneously abort in the first
trimester have a Cnrs abnormality
I 1200 newborns have
multiplecongenital abnormalities
due to ours
Most chis
abnormally babies are born to normal
parents I have a subtle
change which does not
have an effect on their health but puts them at high risk
of miscarriage
Cancer cells
typicallyrequire multiple chrs abnormalities
not present in normal cars of the patient
, Chromosome packaging Nucleosomes DNA wrapped
around 8 hi stones
Chromatin Network of DNA and proteins that make up
chromosomes
duringinterphase
Heterochromatin Highlycondensed and genetically
inactive
mainly at centromeres
Euchromatin Lighterstaining relativelyopen structure
where
genesmay be accessed and are active Includes
protein coding genes
Telomere cap at end of chromosome
Centromere I Chris Position on chrs where 2
sister chromatids are joined
P arm short arm of ours
0 arm long arm of ours
Autosome chis that isn't a o ex aus
Any
CLASSIFICATION OF CH RS
A End of Chrs
B Towards top of chis
c Slightly towards Pam
D Middle
R R
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