NR 507 MIDTERM EXAM
Question1
Which T-lymphocyte phenotype is the key determinant of childhood asthma?
Cluster of differentiation (CD) 4 T-helper Th1 lymphocytes
Correct!
CD4 T-helper Th2 lymphocytes
CD8 cytotoxic T lymphocytes
Memory T lymphocytes
Asthma develops because the Th2 response (in which CD4 T-helper cells produce
specific cytokines, such as interleukin [IL]–4, IL-5, and IL-13) promotes an atopic
and allergic response in the airways. This selection is the only option that
accurately identifies the appropriate T-lymphocyte phenotype.
Question 2
Perceived stress elicits an emotional, anticipatory response that begins where?
Prefrontal cortex
Anterior pituitary
Correct!
Limbic system
,Hypothalamus
Perceived stressors elicit an anticipatory response that begins in the limbic system
of the brain, the only option responsible for emotions and cognition.
Question 3
Hypersensitivity is best defined as a(an):
Disturbance in the immunologic tolerance of self-antigens
Immunologic reaction of one person to the tissue of another person
Correct!
Altered immunologic response to an antigen that results in disease
Undetectable immune response in the presence of antigens
Hypersensitivity is an altered immunologic response to an antigen that results in
disease or damage to the host. The other options are not accurate definitions of
hypersensitivity.
Question 4
It has been determined that a tumor is in stage 2. What is the meaning of this
finding?
Cancer is confined to the organ of origin.
Cancer has spread to regional structures.
,Correct!
Cancer is locally invasive.
Cancer has spread to distant sites
Cancer confined to the organ of origin is stage 1; cancer that is locally invasive is
stage 2; cancer that has spread to regional structures, such as the lymph nodes, is
stage 3; and cancer that has spread to distant sites, such as a liver cancer spreading
to the lung or a prostate cancer spreading to bone, is stage 4.
Question 5
The lung is innervated by the parasympathetic nervous system via which nerve?
Correct!
Vagus
Phrenic
Brachial
Pectoral
Fibers of the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system (ANS)
travel only in the vagus nerve to the lung.
Question 6
What is the action of urodilatin?
, Urodilatin causes vasoconstriction of afferent arterioles.
It causes vasodilation of the efferent arterioles.
Urodilatin (a natriuretic peptide) inhibits sodium and water reabsorption from the
medullary part of collecting duct, thereby producing diuresis. It is not involved in
the actions described by the other options.
Question 7
What is the direct action of atrial natriuretic hormone?
Sodium retention
Correct!
Sodium excretion
Water retention
Water excretion
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