Urodilatin (a natriuretic peptide) inhibits sodium and water reabsorption
from the medullary part of collecting duct, thereby producing diuresis. It
is not involved in the actions described by the other options.
Question 3
What is the direct action of atrial natriuretic hormone?
Sodium retention
Correct!
Sodium excretion
Water retention
Water excretion
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP)
inhibit the secretion of renin, inhibit angiotensin-induced secretion of
aldosterone, vasodilate the afferent and constrict the efferent glomerular
arterioles, and inhibit sodium and water absorption by kidney tubules.
The other actions are not a result of the atrial natriuretic hormone.
Question 4
Which statement best describes a Schilling test?
Correct!
Administration of radioactive cobalamin and the measurement of its
excretion in the urine to test for vitamin B12 deficiency
Measurement of antigen-antibody immune complexes in the blood to test
for hemolytic anemia
, Measurement of serum ferritin and total iron-binding capacity in the
blood to test for iron deficiency anemia
Administration of folate and measurement in 2 hours of its level in a
blood sample to test for folic acid deficiency anemia.
The Schilling test indirectly evaluates vitamin B12 absorption by
administering radioactive B12 and measuring excretion in the urine. This
selection is the only option that accurately describes a Schilling test.
Question 5
Hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) can occur if the mother:
Is Rh-positive and the fetus is Rh-negative
Correct!
Is Rh-negative and the fetus is Rh-positive
Has type A blood and the fetus has type O
Has type AB blood and the fetus has type B
HDN can occur only if antigens on fetal erythrocytes differ from antigens
on maternal erythrocytes. Maternal-fetal incompatibility exists only if the
mother and fetus differ in ABO blood type or if the fetus is Rh-positive
and the mother is Rh-negative. This erythrocyte incompatibility does not
exist in any of the other options.
Question 6
Which T-lymphocyte phenotype is the key determinant of childhood
asthma?
Cluster of differentiation (CD) 4 T-helper Th1 lymphocytes
Correct!
CD4 T-helper Th2 lymphocytes
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