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Chapter 33 Assessment and Management of Patients With Allergic Disorders
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Chapter 33 Assessment and Management of Patients With AllergicDisorders
1. Since the emergence of HIV/AIDS, there have been significant changes in epidemiologic trends.
Members of what group currently have the greatest risk of contracting HIV?
A) Gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men
B) Recreational drug users
C) Blood transfusion recipients
D) Health care providers
Ans: A
Feedback:
Gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men remain the population most
affected by HIV and account for 2% of the population but 61% of the new infections. This
exceeds the incidence among drug users, health care workers, and transfusion recipients.
2. A clinic nurse is caring for a patient admitted with AIDS. The nurse has assessed that the patient
is experiencing a progressive decline in cognitive, behavioral, and motor functions. The nurse
recognizes that these symptoms are most likely related to the onset of what complication?
A) HIV encephalopathy
B) B-cell lymphoma C) Kaposi's sarcoma D) Wasting syndrome Ans: A
Feedback:
HIV encephalopathy is a clinical syndrome characterized by a progressive decline in
cognitive, behavioral, and motor functions. The other listed complications do not normally have
cognitive and behavioral manifestations.
3. A nurse is assessing a 28-year-old man with HIV who has been admitted with pneumonia.
In assessing the patient, which of the following observations takes immediate
priority?
A) Oral temperature of 100∞F
B) Tachypnea and restlessness
,C) Frequent loose stools
D) Weight loss of 1 pound since yesterday
Ans: B
Feedback:
In prioritizing care, the pneumonia would be assessed first by the nurse. Tachypnea
and restlessness are symptoms of altered respiratory status and need immediate priority.
Weight loss of 1 pound is probably fluid related; frequent loose stools would not take short-
term precedence over a temperature or tachypnea and restlessness. An oral temperature of
100∞F is not considered a fever and would not be the first issue addressed.
, 4. A patient has come into the free clinic asking to be tested for HIV infection. The patient asks the
nurse how the test works. The nurse responds that if the testing shows that
antibodies to the AIDS virus are present in the blood, this indicates what?
A) The patient is immune to HIV.
B) The patient's immune system is intact.
C) The patient has AIDS-related complications. D) The patient has been infected with HIV.
Ans: D
Feedback:
Positive test results indicate that antibodies to the AIDS virus are present in the blood. The
presence of antibodies does not imply an intact immune system or specific immunity to HIV.
This finding does not indicate the presence of AIDS-related complications.
5. A hospital patient is immunocompromised because of stage 3 HIV infection and the physician
has ordered a chest radiograph. How should the nurse most safely facilitate the test?
A) Arrange for a portable x-ray machine to be used.
B) Have the patient wear a mask to the x-ray department.
C) Ensure that the radiology department has been disinfected prior to the test.
D) Send the patient to the x-ray department, and have the staff in the department wear masks.
Ans: A
Feedback:
A patient who is immunocompromised is at an increased risk of contracting nosocomial
infections due to suppressed immunity. The safest way the test can be facilitated is to have a
portable x-ray machine in the patient's room. This confers more protection than disinfecting the
radiology department or using masks.
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