Other
BIOS 242 Week 8 Final Exam Study Guide
- Course
- Institution
BIOS 242 Week 8 Final Exam Study Guide
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
PerfectStudy
Reviews received
Content preview
BIOS 242 Week 8 Final Exam Study GuideDefinitions to know:
Immunology: Study of the body’s specific defenses against pathogens.
Halophiles: salt lovers environment
Spirochete: Group of helical, Gram-negative bacteria with axial filaments that cause the
organism to corkscrew, enabling it to burrow into a host’s tissues.
Mutualism: Symbiotic relationship in which both members benefit from their interaction.
Signs: Objective manifestations of disease observed or measured by others
Symptoms: Subjective characteristics of disease felt only by the patient
Nosocomial disease (healthcare associated disease): A disease acquired in a healthcare
facility.
Nosocomial infection (healthcare associated infection): An infection acquired in a
healthcare facility.
Sty: Inflamed bacterial infection of the base of an eyelid. Folliculitis Called a sty when it
occurs at the eyelid base can spread to surrounding tissues producing furuncles,
carbuncles in groups
Lymphangitis: Condition in which inflamed lymphatic vessels become visible as red
streaks under the skin.
Candidiasis: Term for several opportunistic diseases caused by infection with Candida
species.
Pathogen: A microorganism capable of causing disease.
Zoonoses: Diseases that are naturally spread from their usual animal host to humans.
, Fomites: Objects inadvertently used to transfer pathogens to new hosts, such as a glass or
towel.
Infections: Successful invasion of the body by a pathogenic microorganism.
Lipid A: The lipid component of lipopolysaccharide, which is released from dead Gram-
negative bacterial cells and can trigger shock and other symptoms in human hosts.
Septicemia: any microbial infection of the blood that produces illness
Bacteremia: bacterial septicemia
Toxemia: release of bacterial toxins into the blood
Common cold viruses are frequently spread by contaminated fomites (ways to transfer
pathogens)
Blastomycosis- transmitted to human via bird
Superoxide dismutase peroxide anion, eliminate superoxide radicals
Superoxide dismutase – eliminate superoxide radicals
Catalase and peroxidase – removal of hydrogen peroxide
Types of healthcare associated infections (HAIs)
Exogenous - Pathogen acquired from the health care environment
Endogenous - Pathogen arises from normal microbiota as a result of factors within the
healthcare setting
Iatrogenic - Results from modern medical procedures
Superinfections - Use of antimicrobial drugs reduces competition from some resident
microbiota, allowing other microbes to thrive
, Know the characteristics of prokaryotic cells – i.e. no nucleus
1. they have no nuclear membrane
2. their DNA is not wound around histones
3. the cell walls are made of a chemical called peptidoglycan
4. they do not have complex membrane-bound organelles
What does prokaryotic mean?
Any unicellular microorganism that lacks a nucleus. Classification includes bacteria and
archaea.
Know how we measure bacterial cells.
The standard method is the plate count, which is the usual way to count microbes. The purpose
of this method is to just use a sample of dilutions on a bacterial culture and counting. First, 3 of
the 0.1ml dilutions are poured to duplicate the agar plates. One then sterilizes the glass spreader
by dipping it in alcohol and burning it. Once the spreader is cooled, 0.1 of the inoculum is spread
over the agar plates till the media doesn’t look wet. Repeat the process for the remaining plates.
Once all that is done, it must be incubated at room temperature. It can then be counted in the end,
all of the colonies. The advantage of this method is that it is super easy to do and one counts
CFUs if they aren’t broken up. It isn’t complicated to pull through this method. As for the
disadvantage, the count might not be as accurate. Not only this, the time to complete this method
with all the dilutions, plating, smearing, and incubation waiting take a bit of time.
The turbidimetric method is a much more complicated process. This process deals with the
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller PerfectStudy. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $17.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
79223 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now