Class notes
Psyc 105 chapter 13-16
- Course
- Institution
Psyc 105 chapter 13-16
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
ihsan1
Reviews received
Content preview
Chapter 13Social Psychology: study of how people influence others behaviour, beliefs, and attitudes
Need to belong theory- humans have a biologically based need for interpersonal connections
Mass hysteria: contagious outbreak of irrational behaviour that spreads much like a flu epidemic
- unidentified flying objects (UFOs) sightings shot up at times when societal consciousness
of space travel was heightened
Urban legends- false stories that have been repeated so many time people believe them to be true
The Fundamental Attribution Error
Attributions: process of assigning causes to behaviour
Fundamental attribution: tendency to overestimate the impact of dispositional influences on other
people’s behaviour
- Such as personality traits, attitudes, and intelligence
- Were less likely to commit the fundamental attribution error if we have been in the same
situation ourselves
13.2 Social Influence: Conformity & Obedience
Conformity: Tendency of people to alter their behaviour as a result of group pressure
Social Influence on Conformity:
- Unanimity : If all confederates gave the wrong answer, the participant was more likely to
conform.
- Difference in the wrong answer:
- Size: The size of the majority made a difference, but only up to about five or six
confederates.
Deindividuation: the tendency of people to engage in atypical behaviour when stripped of their
usual identities
- Helps explain why crowd behaviours are so unpredictable: the actions of people in
crowds depend largely on whether others are acting prosocially or antisocially
Groupthink: emphasis on group unanimity at the expense of critical thinking
- Everyone agrees with everyone else that they lose their capacity to evaluate issues
objectively
- Devils advocate: a person whose roles is to voice doubts about the wisdom of the groups
decisions
Cults: a groups that exhibits intense and unquestioning devotions to a single cause
- Ex: heaven's gates
Cults promate group thinking in four major ways
1. Having a persuasive leader who fosters loyalty
2. disconnection group members from the outside world
3. discouraging questions of the group’s assumptions
4. Establishing training practices that gradually indoctrinate members
Inoculation effect:approach to convincing people to change their mind about something by first
introducing reasons why the perspective might be correct and then debunking those reasons
, EX; if you want to persuade someone that sleep associated learning doesn’t work
Obedience: werake out marching orders from people who are above us in the hierarchy of
authority such as a teacher, parent, or boss
- EX;” I was ordered to go in there and destroy the enemy. That was my job that day. That
was the mission I was given. I did not sit down and think in terms of men, women, and
children. They were all classified the same”
- authoritarianism are more likely to comply with the experimenters’ demands
The Milgram Paradigm
13.3 Helping and Harming others
Two major factors Bystander nonintervention
- Pluralistic ignorance: the error of assuming that no one in the group perceives things as
we do
- Recognize that the sition is really an emergency
- Diffusion of responsibility: the presence of others makes each person less respoq for the
outcome
- EX; in a crowded park who’s having a heart attack and that person dies, you can always
say to yourself, “Well, that’s a terrible tragedy, but it wasn’t really my fault. After all,
plenty of other people could have helped, too.”
- we can experience pluralistic ignorance, which prevents us from interpreting a situation
as an emergency, and we can experience diffusion of responsibility, which discourages us
from offering assistance in an emergency
Social loafing: a phenomenon in which people slack off in groups
- By guaranteeing that managers and bosses can evaluate each individuals performance
Altruism: that is helping others for unselfish reasons
- help others entirely for self-centred reasons, like relieving our own distress, experiencing
the joy of others we’ve helped or people we’ve helped will be more likely to reciprocate
by helping us later
- We seem to help not only to relieve our distress but also to relieve the distress of others
Enlightenment effect: learning about psychological research can change real world behaviours
for the better
Aggression: a behavior intended to harm others, either verbally or physically
Relational aggression: a form of indirect aggression marked by spreading rumours, gossiping,
social exclusion, and nonverbal putdown for the purpose of interpersonal manipulation
13.4 Attitudes And Persuasion
Attitude: belief that includes an emotional components
Cognitive dissonance: between two or more conflicting thoughts
-
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller ihsan1. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $7.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
75632 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now