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PVL2602 EXAM PACK 2021 LAW OF SUCCESSION latest 2021 (Best document for exam
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1LAW iOF iSUCCESSION iPVL2602
STUDY iUNIT i1
INTRODUCTION:
Forms ipart iof iPrivate iLaw
Comprises ilegal irules ithat idetermine iwhat ihappens ito ia iperson’s iestate iafter ihis ideath.
Rules iof isuccession iidentify ithe ipersons ientitled ito isucceed ithe ideceased i(the
ibeneficiaries) iand ithe iextent iof ithe ibenefits i(inheritance i/ ilegacies) ithey iare ito ireceive.
Also iincludes ithe irights iand iduties iof ithe ibeneficiaries i& icreditors imay ihave iover
ideceased iestate.
Succession itakes iplace iin i3 iways:
1. Accordance iwith ia ivalid iwill i– itestamentary isuccession ior isuccession iex itestament.
2. Through ioperation iof ithe ilaw iof iintestate isuccession iin ithe iabsence iof ia ivalid iwill i–
succession iab iintesto i/ isuccession ilegitima
3. Law iof iSuc ialso iincludes irules idescribing ithe iadministration iprocess iof ideceased
iestates i– iFormal iRules.
LAW iOF iSUCCESSION iIN iTHE iLEGAL iSYSTEM:
Material iRules iof ilaw iof iSuccession:
o What ibecomes ioff ia iperson’s iestate iafter ideath;
o What ibeneficiary iwill iinherit;
o Determine irights i/ iduties ithat ipersons imay ihave iin ideceased iestate.
Formal irules:
o i Describes iprocess iby iwhich ideceased iestate iis iliquidated, iaka i– iadministration iofiestate.
GROUND iRULES iFOR iSUCCESSION
Few iground irules ithat imust ibe iadhered ito;
1. PERSON iMUST iHAVE iDIED:
Common i+ iCustomary iLaw i– iprerequisite ifor isuccession, iowner iof iestate imust ihave
idied.
Customary iLaw: isuccession ito istatus ipositions ihappens ionly ionce ifamily ihead idied.
Estate iOrpen iv iEstate iAtkinson:
The iAtkinsons, iMr i+ iMrs, imassed itheir iestate iin ia ijoint iwill iand ihad ionly i1 ichild.
Mr iAtkinsons iwill istipulated;
o On ihis ideath, i(died i1st), iestate imust ibe ihanded iover ito iexecutor iof ithe iestate iand
ithey iwould iact ias itrustees i(thus itrust iformed ion ideath).
o Mrs iAtkinson iand idaughter, iMrs iOrpin, iwould ireceive iincome iof itrust iin iequal iparts.
o Aka i– iincome ibeneficiaries
o Should imom/daughter idie, ithe iother ireceives iwhole iof itrust.
o Should idaughter idie, ithe itrust i(corpus) iwould igo ito iher ichildren iin iequal ishares,
isubject ito iusufruct iof iMrs iAtkinson i(should ishe istill ibe ialive).
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o If idaughter ihas ino ichildren, idaughter ican idesignate iperson iinherit iwill iand i20% iof
icorpus iwould igo ito ithat iperson i(this icase, ithe ihusband).
o Daughter ireceived i“power iof iappointment” iform iparents’ iwill.
Daughter idied i1st, ithen ifather, ithen ispouse.
Legal iquestion: iwhether ithe iexercise iof iMrs iOrpen i“power iof iappointment”
iin ifavour iof iMr iOrpen iinto iher ifathers iwill iwas ivalid, iand
Whether iher ispouse’s ideceased iestate ihad iobtained ivested irights iwith
iregard ito ithe i20% itrust icapital ibequeathed ito ihim, iregardless iof ithe ifact ithat
ishe idied ibefore iher i father.
Court iheld: iMr iOrpen’s iestate ihad ino iright ito ithe i20% itrust icapital.
Mrs iOrpen iobtained iher iright ito ipower iof iappointment iupon ithe ideath iof
iher ifather ionly.
EXCEPTIONS iTO iRULE:
a) COURT iPRONOUNCES iA iPRESUMPTION iOF iDEATH i& iMAKES iAN iORDER iFOR iTHE
iDIVISION iOF iTHE iESTATE:
Onus iis ion ithe iperson iwho ialleges ihe iis idead.
Person ihas idisappeared iwith ino ibody: idifficult ito iprove.
Only ionce icourt imakes ipresumption iof ideath iorder, ican ithe iperson’s iestate ibe
iadministered.
Customary ifor icourt ito iorder ithat ithe iestate iof ithe iperson ipresumed ito ibe idead,
ishould ibe idistributed iamongst ihis iheirs, isubject ito ithe iprovision iof isecurity ithat ithe
iestate ican ibe ireturned ito ihim, ishould ihe ireappear.
Factors icourt itakes iinto iaccount;
o Length iof itime iperson ihas ibeen imissing
o Age
o Health
o Status iin isociety
o Circumstances isurrounding idisappearance
b) ESTATE iMASSING:
Entire/part iof iestates iof ivarious itestators iare iconsolidated iinto ia isingle ieconomic
iunit ifor itestamentary idisposal.
Surviving itestators iestate idissolves iupon ideath iof ithe iother itestator.
c) NUMBER iOF iPEOPLE iKILLED iIN iSAME iACCIDENT i– iCOMMORIENTES:
Difficult ito iprove iwho idied i1st ifor ipurpose iof idetermining ibeneficiaries, iespecially iif
ifamily imembers iinvolved.
RULE: ino ipresumptions iof ipersons ipredeceasing ieach iother ior iof isimultaneous
ideath.
Ex iParte iGraham:
Mother i& iadopted ison idied itogether iin ia iplane icrash.
o Mother ileft ison: i“all imy iestate iremaining iat ithe itime iof ithe ideath iof imy ifather
iand imother”
, 3
Also icertain iimmovable iproperty ibe itransferred iimmediately iin ithe iname iof imy
ison, isubject ito iright iof iher iparents ito iremain iin ithe ihouse ifor irest iof itheirilives.
o Should ison ipredecease imother, ithe iwhole iestate imust isucceed iunconditionally
ito iher imother.
Registrar irefused ito itransfer iimmovable iproperty ito imother, iwithout icourt iorder
ideclaring iadopted ison ipredeceased imother ior idied isimultaneously iwith itestatrix.
Court icame ito ithe iconclusion ithat ino ipresumption ias ito iwhich iof ithe i2 ipeople
ipredeceased ithe iother.
Question ias ito iwho idied i1st idepends ion ifacts ior icircumstances iof ieach icase
iindividually.
This icase: iconclusion i– idied isimultaneously.
2. TRANSFER iOF iRIGHTS i/ iDUTIES iWITH iREGARD iTO iASSETS iAND i/ iOR iSTATUS iOF
iDECEASED:
Somebody imust itake ithe iplace iof ithe ideceased itestator iwith iregard ito iownership iof
ihis iassets iand i/ ior
Customary iLaw i– iwith iregard ito istatus.
Common iLaw: itransfer iof irights/responsibility iwhich ibelonged ito ideceased.
Customary iLaw: idepends ion itype iof iproperty iand istatus iof ideceased
Ground irule ilinked ito idies icedit iand idies ivenit.
3. BENEFICIARY iSHOULD iAT iTHE iTIME iOF iDIES iCEDIT iBE iALIVE iOR iHAVE iBEEN iCONCEIVED:
Transfer iof irights/responsibility iis iprerequisite ifor isuccession.
Where ibeneficiary ipredeceased iwhen ithe ibequeathed ibenefit ivests, ithere ican ibe ino
isuccession, iexcept iif ithe ideceased imade iprovision iin ihis iwill ior iANC ifor ipredeceased
iof ithe ibeneficiary ior iin icircumstance imere iex ilege isubstitution iapplies.
EXCEPTION: ibeneficiary ihas ibeen iconceived, ibut inot iyet iborn iwhen ithe ibequeathed
ibenefit ivests.
Unborn ichild ihas ino irights ior iduties i– inascitirus ifiction iapplies, iand ithe ivesting iof
ibequest iis iheld iuntil ichild iis iborn ialive.
Nascitirus ifiction: icodified iin ithe itestate ilaw iof isuccession iby iSec i2D(1) iof ithe iWills
iAct.
4. BENEFICIARY iMUST iBE iCOMPETENT iTO iINEHRIT
STUDY iUNIT i2
iINTESTATE iSUCCESSION
INTRODUCTION
Law iof iintestate isuccession ior isuccession iab iintestate
- The ilaw iof iintestate isuccession icomprises ithe ilegal irules ior ilegal inorms
ithat idetermine ihow isuccession ishould itake iplace iin icases iwhere ia
itestator ifails ito iregulate isuccession ion ideath iby iway iof ia ivalid iwill ior ia
ipactum isuccessorium icontained iin ian iANC.
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2 iLaws iapply:
1. Intestate iSuccession iAct i– ideceased ilived iunder icommon ilaw isystem.
2. Reform iof iCustomary ilaw iof iSuccession iAct i– ideceased ilived iunder iCust iLaw.
WHEN iDOES iPERSON iDIE iINTESTATE:
1. Without ileaving ia iwill iat iall.
2. Having iexecuted ia ivalid iwill, iwhich ihas isubsequently ibecome iwholly ior ipartly
iinoperative ifor isome ireason.
3. With ia ivalid iwill ithat ifails ito idispose iof iall ithe ideceased’s iassets.
4. Leaving ia idocument ipurporting ito ibe ia iwill, ibut iwhich idoes inot icomply iwith ithe
iformalities ifor iwills iand iis iito icondone iditto iSec i2(3) iof iWills iAct.
VESTING iOF iAN iINTESTATE iINHERITANCE:
When ia iperson idies ipartially iintestate:
Harris iv iAssumed iAdministrator iEstate iMacGregor:
Deceased iexecuted ia ivalid iwill iin i1941 iand idied i1943.
Will istipulated:
o Estate igoes iinto itrust, iof iwhich ithe iwife iwill ibe iincome ibeneficiary.
o On iwife’s ideath, ithe itrust icapital iwas ito ibe ipaid ito ithe ichildren iborn iof itheir
imarriage.
o No ichildren iand iupon ideath iof iwife i– icapitol iof itrust imust igo ito ideceased’s
ibrother.
o If ibrother ipredeceased iappellant, ithe icapital iof ithe itrust iwas ito ipass ito ihis
ibrother’s ichildren, iif iany.
Deceased idied iwith ino ichildren, ibrother idied iin i1979, ileaving ino ichildren i(only iwife
iis istill ialive)
No iprovision imade iin iwill ifor ithis icontingency, iand ithe iresult iwas ithat ithere iwas
iintestacy ias iregards ithe idevolution iof ithe itrust icapital.
Appellant iand iRespondent iagreed ithat iintestacy ioccurred, ibut idiffered ion iwhich
idate ithis ioccurred.
Either iin i1943, iwhen ideceased idied ior iwhen iit iwas ifirst idetermined ithat ithe iwill ihad
ifailed i(when ibrother idied iin i1979).
Vital ibecause, i1943 ithe iSuccession iAct iallowed ifor ithe ideceased’s imother ito iinherit
iintestate iand i1979 ithe iSuccession iAct iallowed ifor ithe ispouse ito ibe ionly iheir ias ishe iis
ionly isurviving iintestate irelation iat ithat idate.
Court iheld:
o Where ia ideceased idies iwithout ihaving imade ia iwill iat iall, ior iwithout ileaving ia
ivalid iwill, ihis i/ iher iintestate iestate ivests ion ithe idate iof ihis ideath iwhen ihis
iintestate iheirs ihave ito ibe idetermined.
o Where ia itestator idies ileaving ia ivalid iwill iwhich itook ieffect ion ihis ideath ibut
iwhich isubsequently ibecame iinoperative, ieither iin itotal ior iin ipart, ihis
iintestate iestate ivests ion ithe idate iwhen iit ifirst ibecame ifactually icertain ithat
ihis iwill ihad ibecome iinoperative.
o Any iintestate iheirs iwould ihave ito ibe idetermined, inot iat ihis ideath, ibut iwhen
ithe iintestacy ioccurred.
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