Exam (elaborations)
BIOLOGY 101 Week 3 Discussion 2
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BIOLOGY 101 Week 3 Discussion 2
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1. Select four of the organelles or structures above and briefly describe where each islocated in the cell, their appearance and the role each carries out.
Mitochondria are specialized structures unique to the cells of animals, plants and fungi.
They serve as batteries, powering various functions of the cell and the organism as a
whole. Though mitochondria are an integral part of the cell, evidence shows that they
evolved from primitive bacteria. Organelles such as the mitochondria, the rough
endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus serve respectively to generate energy,
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er as
synthesize proteins and package proteins for transport to different parts of the cell and
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eH w
beyond. The Golgi apparatus gathers simple molecules and combines them to make
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molecules that are more complex. It then takes those big molecules, packages them in
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ou urc
vesicles, and either stores them for later use or sends them out of the cell. It is also the
organelle that builds lysosomes (cell digestion machines). The endoplasmic reticulum is a
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aC s
membrane-bound structure that is a part of every eukaryotic cell. This organelle plays a
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large role in the synthesis of large, complex proteins and amino acids. This organelle is
rough the site of protein production, folding, quality checking, and export to other parts
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ar stu
of the cell. Some of these proteins end up embedded in cell membranes to assist in
metabolism; some become enzymes, and some become support structures. The nucleus,
is
as well as most eukaryotic organelles, is bound by membranes that regulate the entry and
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exit of proteins, enzymes and other cellular material to and from the organelle. In biology,
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the major functions of nucleus are to maintain the integrity of DNA and to control
cellular activities such as metabolism, growth, and reproduction by regulating gene
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