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Microprocessors
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help about going through processors and different components working with it.
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Penned by: Faisal HaroonSeat No 14
Computer Logic Design
Comparison of Intel Processors
A processor or CPU (Central Processing Unit) is the logic circuitry that responds
to and processes the basic instructions given through the input device and
provides the appropriate output. It is also known as a main processor as it is the
most crucial integrated circuitry (IC) chip in a computer. It interprets the
instructions/commands and is send to the output device. The CPU performs
basic arithmetic, logic, controlling, I/O (Input/Output) specified by the instructions
in the program.
Basic Elements of Processor:
ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit):
ALU carries out arithmetic and logic operations on specified instructions. The
inputs to an ALU are the data to be operated on, called operands, and a code
indicating the operation to be performed.
Registers:
Registers are small amount of fast storage locations within the circuitry of the
CPU. They are very fast on-chip memory storing binary values using 32 or 64
bits. Information is held there while it is being interpreted or manipulated.
Processor registers are normally at the top of the memory hierarchy, and provide
the fastest way to access data. There are 16 types of registers which are: User-
accessible registers, Data registers, Address registers, General-purpose
registers, Status registers, Floating-point registers, Constant registers, Vector
registers, Special-purpose registers, Model-specific registers, Memory type range
registers (MTRRs), Internal registers, Instruction registers, Memory buffer
resister, Memory address register, Architectural register.
Internal Clock:
Every computer contains an internal clock that regulates the rate at which
instructions are executed and synchronizes all the various computer
components. The CPU requires a fixed number of clock ticks (or clock cycles) to
execute each instruction. The faster the clock, the more instructions the CPU can
execute per second. Clock speeds are expressed in megahertz (MHz) or
gigahertz (GHz).
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