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Intelligence
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The study of Intelligence from a psychological perspective
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Intelligencewhat is intelligence
Theabilitytodifferentiatebtwn infothat is true1false
Theexpression toreadbtwnthelines
Thought of in 2 contexts Dsolvingproblems in different contexts
2 Havingtheabilityto consider awidervariety of responsesthat are contextually sensitive
Intelligence isthought to generatemore behavioral flex
ability
Aristotle distinguished 2 dimensions ofbehavioralflexability
1 practicalwisdom application of knowledge use of action
2 Theoretical wisdomi pontification of ideas acrosscontexts conceptualization of underlying explanations ofthoughts
r actions across situations
Aristotleidentifiedtheabilitytoengage inreasoningthat is bothcrosscontextual r contextuallysensitive as nous translated as
intellect likethewordintelligence it originallymeanttheabilitytodiscern ornotice underlyingpatterns
Aristotle'swork was a pathwaytomoderntheories
Knowledge is notintelligence
People nowhavemore knowledgethanbeforebutthatdoesn'tmeantheyaremoreintelligent
Intelligenceistheabilitytogainknowledgebylearningorsolvingproblems
TheFlynnEffect
Aresearcherthatpublished a study thatseemedtoindicatethataveragescoreson IQ testsincreased over time TheFlynnEffect
Usingcurrentnorms theaverage IQ forthose 3gen back is to
Using early norms from3priorgens the currentaverage IQ is 130
Usingcurrentnorms an IQ of 70 is consideredthe cutoffforintellectual disability
Usingcurrentnorms an IQ of130is consideredthecutoffforgiftedness
, There are 3 explanations for the Flynn Effect
Eachtheoryhasmerit are testable likelyexplainedbya combination of environmental changes
1 Improvement in nutrition a medicalcare overtime significant veeffects onthehealthydevelopment of the brain
r cognitiveabilities
2 Improvements in education thedemands oflife required a shift totheimportanceof abstractthinking the
necessity of scientific reasoning orclassificationor thefocus on logical amathematical analysis So
people thinkin thesame manner as thosewhocreated it
3 Increaseinenvironmental complexity a byproductof rapidly changing technology thesechanges are believed to
have necessitised adaptions in the use of one's memory r attentionwhich leads to increased IQ
Todaywedomore abstractthinkingwhile before peopleusedconcretethinking
MeasuringIntelligence
Earlymeasures were arcane r were believed tobe related to the sire oftheskull
Throughoutthehistory of intelligence testing themain purpose hasbeentopredictpreformance inschool r
theworkplace
Earlymeasures of intelligence
Conceptof measuring intelligence usingwrittenforms was introduced in early 1900s
Beforethatphysiological measures were used butthe relationship wasnotpsychometricallysound they
lackedreliability r validity
In 18005 FrancisGalton focused on theempiricalmeasurement ofhumans usingempiricalmethods toensure
precisemeasurement
Galtonconceptualized thatone'sgeneral cognitiveability was theproduct of heredity sothat intelligence
was related tohowone usestheirsenses
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