Unit 10 - Biological Molecules and Metabolic Pathways
Summary
Summary Biological Molecules and metabolic pathways, Unit 10 first assessment.
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Course
Unit 10 - Biological Molecules and Metabolic Pathways
Institution
PEARSON (PEARSON)
Book
BTEC Level 3 National Applied Science, Student Book
This is a biochemistry assessment for biomolecules UNIT 10, I got a distinction in this assessment as it covers all the checklist from pearsons btec webpage. In this summary talks about water molecules,proteins,amino acids etc
BTEC Applied Science Unit 2, Assignment D (FULL ASSIGNMENT)
BTEC Applied Science Unit 2, Assignment C (FULL ASSIGNMENT)
BTEC Applied Science Unit 2, Assignment B (FULL ASSIGNMENT)
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PEARSON (PEARSON)
Applied Science 2016 NQF
Unit 10 - Biological Molecules and Metabolic Pathways
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Contents
P1..................................................................................................................................2
Explain the structure of biological molecules in living organisms.................................2
Water Structure.........................................................................................................2
Carbohydrates...........................................................................................................2
Lipids.........................................................................................................................4
Proteins.....................................................................................................................5
Nucleic acids.............................................................................................................9
M1.................................................................................................................................9
Explain the links between structure and function of biological molecules and their
role in living organisms.................................................................................................9
Structure and function.........................................................................................10
Water.......................................................................................................................10
Carbohydrates.........................................................................................................11
Carbohydrates.....................................................................................................12
Proteins...................................................................................................................13
Lipids.......................................................................................................................16
Nucleic Acids...........................................................................................................18
D1................................................................................................................................20
Evaluate the effects of disruption on the structure and function of biological
molecules in living organisms.....................................................................................20
Carbohydrate...........................................................................................................20
Protein.....................................................................................................................21
References..................................................................................................................22
1
,P1
Explain the structure of biological molecules in living
organisms
Water Structure
Many of water’s roles in supporting life are due to its molecular structure and a few
special properties. Water is a small molecule that consists of two hydrogen atoms
that are covalent bonds to an oxygen atom. When the hydrogens bind to the oxygen,
it creates and asymmetrical molecule with positive charge on one side and negative
charge on the other side.
Water is an excellent transport medium in living organisms because it stays in the
liquid state over a large temperature range.
All metabolic process in organisms rely on chemical being able to react together in a
solution. Due to the hydrogen bonds between water molecules water has the ability
to withstand temperature changes as it takes lots of energy to change temperature.
When the temperature of water decreases hydrogen bonds are able to be formed an
the water molecules move less freely.
Biological Roles of Water: Why is water necessary for life? - Science in the News
Biological Roles of Water: Why is water necessary for life? - Science in the News (2019). Available at:
https://sitn.hms.harvard.edu/uncategorized/2019/biological-roles-of-water-why-is-water-necessary-for-
life/#:~:text=The%20Molecular%20Make%2Dup%20of%20Water&text=Water%20is%20a%20simple
%20molecule,other%20side%20(Figure%201). (Accessed: 12 April 2021).
Carbohydrates
Are essential part of diet in order to gain energy and are vital for all living organisms,
as they act as an energy source and energy store.
Carbohydrates are biological macromolecules made up of smaller molecules called
monomers. Carbohydrates include sugars, starches, and fibres. They are
symbolized by the formula (CH2O)n. According to this formula, carbohydrates are
made up of carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) atoms in the ratio 1:2:1.
2
, Carbohydrates are considered the fastest and most basic way for obtaining energy.
Carbohydrates are used for storing energy in living organisms’ bodies until they
require it. Plants store carbohydrates in the form of starches but they are stored in
human and animal bodies in the form of glycogen in the liver and muscles.
Carbohydrates are a basic component for some parts of a cell, such as cellulose in
the root of plant cells. Carbohydrates are also found in cell membranes and in the
protoplasm of a cell.
Monosaccharides
Are the simples carbohydrate, They are monomers and when they join together they
make a more complex carbohydrate.
They are classified according to the number of carbon atoms they have
3-Carbon is a Triose
5-Carbon Pentose
6-Carbon Hexose
Disaccharides
Is formed when two monosaccharides bond together in a condensation reaction
Compound sugars containing two monosaccharides with the elimination of a water
molecule with the general chemical structure C12H22O11
Examples: sucrose, lactose
3
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