Brief introduction to the course Gross Anatomy. It contains explanation about different approaches in studying anatomy as well as, anatomical positions and sections. It also contains definition to the common terms used in the course Gross Anatomy.
Anatomy Comprehensive Notes on Large Intestine, Superior and Inferior Mesenteric Arteries and Veins associated structures
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ANATOMY
Introduction to Anatomy
Dissection- method of studying the body structures by
OUTLINE observing, palpating, moving, and revealing parts of
I. Approaches in studying anatomy the body
a. Regional Anatomy
o Provides the most efficient learning and
b. Surface Anatomy
highest retention
c. Systemic Anatomy
d. Clinical Anatomy 3. Systemic Anatomy- study of the ORGAN SYSTEMS
II. Anatomical Position
a. Anatomical Planes 4. Clinical Anatomy (applied anatomy)- emphasizes
b. Median Plane structure and function of the body important in
c. Sagittal Plane medicine
d. Frontal Plane
e. Transverse Plane ANATOMICAL POSITION (body position)
III. Anatomical Sections
ANATOMICAL PLANES
a. Longitudinal sections
b. Transverse/cross section Median Plane (median sagittal; midsagittal)-
c. Oblique sections vertical anteroposterior plane, dividing the body into
IV. Terms of Relationship and Comparison right and left halves
V. Terms of Laterality
VI. Terms of Movement Sagittal Plane- vertical planes passing through the
body parallel to the median plane
• Paramedian plane- parallel and near to the
Anatomy- science of structure and function of the human body
median plane
• Gross Anatomy- examination of structures of the
Frontal planes (coronal planes)- vertical planes
human body that can be seen w/o a microscope passing through the body at right angle to the median
• Microscopic Anatomy- examination of structures of plane, dividing it into anterior and posterior parts
the human body with the aid of microscope Transverse planes- horizontal planes passing
APPROACHES IN STUDYING ANATOMY through the body at right angles to the median and
frontal planes, dividing it into superior and inferior
1. Regional Anatomy(topographical)- Human body as parts
major parts: main body (head, neck) and trunk
(subdivided into thorax, abdomen, back, - Referred as transaxial by the radiologists
pelvis/perineum) and paired upper limbs and lower The main use of anatomical planes is to describe
limbs sections
a. Method of studying the body’s structure by
focusing attention on a specific part, area, or
region
2. Surface Anatomy- provides knowledge of what lies
under the skin and what structures are perceptible to
touch
• Physical examination- clinical application of surface
anatomy
o Palpation- clinical technique used with
observation and listening for examining the
body
o Radiographic and sectional imaging
anatomy- utilize plain radiograph, CT, MRI
ANATOMICAL SECTIONS
o Endoscopic techniques- using flexible fiber-
optic devices inserted into the body’s orifice Longitudinal sections- lengthwise or parallel to the
or through surgical incision to examine long axis of the body
internal structures
Transverse section/cross section- cut at right
angles to the longitudinal axis of the body
Prosections- demonstrate anatomical structures Oblique sections- not cut along the previously listed
through prepared dissections anatomical planes
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