High yield, organized, and detailed description about the respiratory system collated for efficient studying. It contains explanation and must knows about the upper and lower respiratory system.
Anatomy Comprehensive Notes on Large Intestine, Superior and Inferior Mesenteric Arteries and Veins associated structures
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ANATOMY
Respiratory System
PARTS OF EXTERNAL NOSE
OUTLINE
• Root – part that joins the nose and forehead
I. Upper Respiratory Tract
a. Nose • Apex – tip of the nose
b. External Nose o most anterior point of the external nose
i. Parts • Dorsum of the nose/Dorsum nasi/Nasal ridge –
ii. Innervation, Blood supply, Venous &
rounded border or midline prominence extending from
Lymphatic drainage
c. Internal Nose root to the apex
d. Nasal Cavity • Anterior/External nares or Nostrils – two pyriform
e. Nasal Septum openings located on the inferior surface of nose
f. Paranasal Sinuses
• Alae – Latin for “wing”
g. Pharynx
h. Larynx o rounded and mobile part that forms the lateral
II. Lower Respiratory Tract boundaries of nostrils
a. Trachea • Colummella- fleshy distal margin of the nasal septum
b. Bronchi
c. Lungs
UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT
NOSE
• part of the respiratory tract superior to the hard palate
and contains the peripheral organ of smell
• Function:
o Olfaction – houses the olfactory epithelium
of the CN I
o Respiration –portal by w/c ambient air first
enters the body
during the nasal part of breathing,
air is first humidified before it enters
the lungs
o Speech – aids in speech through
nasalization of vowels and consonants INNERVATION, BLOOD SUPPLY, VENOUS and
o Excretion – serves as the excretory route for LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE
paranasal sinuses and nasolacrimal duct
secretions Sensory Innervation
EXTERNAL NOSE • CN V1/Ophthalmic Nerve via Infratrochlear and
External branch of the Anterior Ethmoidal Nerve-
• visible portion that projects from the face supplies most of the external nose into the dorsum
• Skeleton: and apex
o Nasal part of the Frontal Bone • CN V2/Maxillary Nerve via Nasal branches of the
o Nasal bones Infraorbital Nerve- supplies the alae
o Frontal process of the Maxillae and its nasal
spine Motor Innervation
o Bony parts of the Nasal septum
• Main cartilages: • Facial nerve (CN VII)- supplies the nasal muscles of
o 2 Lateral the facial expression
o 2 Alar- U-shaped, free and movable
constrict or dilate when the nasal Blood Supply
muscles contract
o 1 Septal • Ophthalmic artery via anterior ethmoidal artery
• Facial artery via septal branch of superior labial artery
and lateral nasal branches
• Infraorbital artery via nasal branches
Venous Drainage
• Facial vein through its tributaries angular and lateral
nasal veins
Lymphatic Drainage
• Submandibular LN
o Superficial lymphatic vessels accompany the
corresponding veins and drain into
submandibular LN
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, ANATOMY
Respiratory System
INTERNAL NOSE Medial wall
• Most superior part of the respiratory tract • Formed by the nasal septum w/c rarely lies in the
midline = ↑ size of ½ of the nasal cavity and ↓ size of
NASAL CAVITY the other
• space or cavity bounded by the nostrils anteriorly and • Vertical plate of the ethmoid – forms the upper part
by choanae (posterior nasal apertures) posteriorly • Vomer – also forms upper part
before it opens into the nasopharynx • Septal cartilage- forms anterior part
• divided into left and right halves (nasal cavities) by the
nasal septum
• lined by the nasal mucosa w/c is firmly bounded to
periosteum and perichondrium of supporting bones
and cartilages of the nose
o except for the nasal vestibule which is lined
by the skin
BOUNDARIES
Roof
• curved and narrow
• Frontonasal – formed anteriorly by the frontal and Lateral wall
nasal bone
• Ethmoidal – formed in the middle, beneath the • irregular due to the 3 bony plates of the nasal conchae
anterior cranial fossa, by cribriform plate of the (or turbinate) which project anteriorly:
ethmoid o Superior
• Sphenoidal – formed posteriorly by the downwards- o Middle
sloping body of sphenoid o Inferior
DIVISIONS
VESTIBULE
Floor • Most anterior part of nasal cavity, interior of ala nasi
• Enclosed by the cartilages of the nose
• Wider than the roof • Lined by stratified squamous keratinized epithelium
• Formed by the: • Contains short hairs called vibrissae
o Anterior ¾ of palatine processes of Maxilla o filters dust particles from air entering the
o Horizontal plates (or Posterior ¼) of palatine nasal cavity
bone
BOUNDARIES
Lateral Ala of nose
Medial Nasal septum
Anterior Nares
Posterior Nasal cavity proper marked by linen nasi
(mucous ridge between nasal cavity proper and
nasal vestibule)
Innervation
• Ophthalmic nerve (CN V1) via nasociliary nerve
branches
• Maxillary nerve (CN V2) via nasopalatine nerve
branches
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