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Summary Lenin's government and how he maintained control
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Lenin's government and how he maintained control such as through terror, war communism and NEP Party structures explained under Lenin
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1917 February Revolution Tsar Nicolas II abdicates
Provisional Govt takes power
No elections
No popular mandate
World War I going very badly
Tsar Nicolas led army which led to downfall and blame
However, provincial govt decided to continue to fight WW1
April Theses
“Peace, Bread and Land” – was what Lenin said in speech to promise
1917 October revolution
Lenin and Bolsheviks seize power
Small revolutionary party
Controlled St Petersburg + Moscow
Bolsheviks party were Marxist
Soldiers, sailors, transport workers support him and sympathetic to Bolsheviks
Coup d’état
Little popular support – 90% peasants of population who had no idea who Lenin is
Yet people did not like the provincial govt
“History will never forgive us if we do not seize power now” – Lenin
In October, Lenin secretly returned to Petrograd, and on November 6-8 the Bolshevik-led
Red Guards deposed the Provisional Government and proclaimed soviet rule
The Bolsheviks and their allies occupied government buildings and other strategic locations
in the Russian capital of Petrograd (now St. Petersburg) and within two days had formed a
new government with Lenin as its head. Bolshevik Russia, later renamed the Union of Soviet
Socialist Republics (USSR), was the world’s first Marxist state.
1918 Elections
Bolsheviks do not win election
The assembly met for one day
Next day, assembly is closed
Red Terror – create one party state + remove opposition + destroy Russian Orthodox church
Russia 1918-24
1918 elections led to dictatorship
1918 -21 Civil war between the Whites and the Reds (Bolsheviks)
Trotsky in charge of red army
Whites spread around Russia geographically while the Reds are concentrated in Moscow and
Petrograd
Reds controlled communications and transport so could easily access areas and spread ideas
Different ideological views in whites so different factions and armies
1921 New Economic Policy – NEP
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