Summary GCSE History ‘Superpower Relations and the Cold War’ Revision Guide
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New Grade 9-1 GCSE History Edexcel Topic Guide - Superpower Relations and the Cold War, 1941-91
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GCSE Edexcell History: Superpower Relations and the Cold War course summary
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Superpower Relations and the Cold War,
1941 – 1991
The Origins of the Cold War, 1941-58
1) Tehran Conference.
1943
Focused mainly on plants to defeat Germany.
Churchill and Roosevelt agreed USSR could claim a sphere of influence in Eastern Europe.
2) Yalta Conference.
Feb 1945
Free elections would be held in Eastern Europe.
UN would replace the failed League of Nations.
3) Potsdam Conference.
May 1945
Divide Germany and Berlin between the big 3.
Tensions were high – Truman was more suspicious of USSR, and less willing to compromise.
Britain and USA were alarmed by Stalin installing communist governments throughout
Eastern Europe (goes against Yalta).
USA kept atom bomb a secret – Stalin found out by spies. Started arms race.
4) Iron Curtain.
1946
Churchill’s Iron Curtain speech shows breakdown of Grand Alliance – Britain and USA now viewed
USSR as a threat, not an ally.
, 5) Long Telegram.
February 1946.
Issued to Truman about USSR.
Said Stalin gave a speech in favour of the destruction of capitalism.
Warned of the USSR trying to weaken and divide Western powers, while building the
strength of its own military.
6) Novikov Telegram.
September 1946.
Issued to Stalin about USA.
Claimed the USA was pursuing world supremacy.
Warmed the USA was trying to limit the influence of the USSR in Europe.
7) Truman Doctrine.
March 1947.
USA supported any nation threatened by a communist takeover diplomatically, militarily or
financially. EG: USA gave $400 million to Turkey and Greece to stop spread of communism.
8) Marshall Plan.
June 1947
Promised financial aid to European countries to help rebuild their economies.
Stalin ordered all of his satellite states to reject the plan – believed USA was using economic
incentives to lure Eastern European states away from USSR.
9) Cominform.
1947.
Brought together all European communist parties and placed them under USSR military control.
10) Comecon.
1949
Countered Marshall Plan by nationalising industries, collectivising agriculture and offering economic
aid.
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