This document contains all of the A2 aggression notes and essay plans that are hand-made by myself. These notes relate to the AQA Psychology 7181/7182 specification from onwards. I am a A* psychology student and wanted to share my notes as these helped me get an A* in psychology. Each essay plan a...
- Found that violence was correlated with low
educational achievement and
unemployment.
- If a prisoner previously had a lower level of
education, a more serious criminal record
and more time unemployed in their life then
they were more likely to be aggressive and
violent once put in prison.
Suggests that prisoners import their aggressive tendencies into prison which is why the
- Similarly, they found that race and age
rate of violence is high. Aggressive characteristics may source from genetics, testosterone
influenced levels of aggression in prisons.
and serotonin levels and learned history from, their background. Therefore the aggression
- In the USA they found that non-whites and
in prison is no different to how the offenders act in their home environment.
younger inmates are more likely to be
aggressive in prison.
Factors exist that affect the offender both inside The Prisons Inspectorate noted
- This supports the importation model as it
and outside of prison e.g., dependency or addiction culture existed in young offende
shows that gang culture exists in young The Importation Model
to substances such as alcohol and illegal drugs. This is likely to be an influence fr
offenders’ institutions. This is likely to be an
These exacerbate aggressive behaviour and are not ‘outside’ and the offenders had
influence from the ‘outside’ and the
sorted out by putting someone in prison. It is also gangs in their home environmen
offenders had encountered the gangs in
notable that the most violent prisons in the UK are
their home environment.
young offenders’ institutions.
Dispositional explanation –
Importation model
(Irwin & Cressey, 1962)
Criminal/thief sub-culture – this advocates a criminal
‘code of honour’, such as not telling on fellow
inmates when they have committed a misdemeanour Conventional or ‘straight’ s
in prison. This sub-culture promotes honour, trust individuals will be new to p
and loyalty as its key values. The members of this likely to be one-time-only o
sub-culture will be hardened criminals, repeat to keep clear of the other t
Irwin and Cressey suggested that
offenders. There is aggression within this group but it have more in common with
there are 3 Prison Sub-Cultures that
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