First set of lecture notes from a second year module called Cell regulation and Cancer covering sliding filament theory, muscle contraction and overview of cell signalling. Useful for anyone studying biochemistry or a related life science courses, and also those studying A-Level Biology.
Cell Regulation and Cancer Review Questions: Muscle structure and contraction
What surrounds myofibrils? A membranous sarcoplasmic reticulum.
Overall skeletal muscle structure
diagram?
Myoblast (muscle cell) diagram?
What is the purpose of Z-disk proteins? They serve as anchors for the thick and thin filaments
Sarcomere diagram?
What are thick filaments made up of? Myosin proteins
What are thin filaments made up of? Actin, tropomyosin and troponin proteins
Relaxed and contracted sarcomere
diagram?
Do the thick and thin filaments change No, they merely slide alone one another
in length during contraction?
, What happens to I and H zones and Reduction of I and H zones, but no change in width of A
width of A band in sarcomere during band
contraction?
Myosin diagram?
What are the two myosin heavy chains? The carboxyl terminus (tail) and the amino terminus
(head)
What does the carboxyl terminus form An extended coiled coil (tail)
in myosin?
What activity is present at the amino ATPase activity
terminus globular domains (head) of
myosin?
What is the structure of F-actin? G-actin monomers which are polymerised two-by-two
giving the appearance of two filaments spiralling about
one another in a right handed fashion
What regulates the availability of Troponin and tropomyosin
myosin-binding sites on actin?
Why are myosin-binding sites on actin To avoid continuous muscle contraction
regulated?
How are myosin-binding sites exposed? Nerve impulse triggers release of Ca2+ which causes
conformational changes to tropomyosin-troponin
complex
Troponin-Tropomyosin complex
diagram?
What is Troponin I? Inhibitory subunit
What is Troponin C? Calcium binding subunit
What is Troponin T? Tropomyosin binding subunit
How is Sarcomere Ca2+ concentration By release and uptake into the sarcoplasmic reticulum
regulated? (SR)
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